Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-04-29 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： This study is based on the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs model, which quantifies the supply and demand of ecosystem services. This model uses root-mean-square deviation to quantify the intensity of tradeoffs in ecosystem services and analyze the driving factors of tradeoff intensity using a structural equation model. Results show that from 2000 to 2020, the tradeoff intensity of water yield (WY) and soil conservation (SC), as well as WY and carbon sequestration (CS) supply, increased. However, the demand coordination intensity of WY and SC services, as well as WY and CS services, decreased. Except for WY services, which had a supply–demand tradeoff intensity greater than 0 in 2020, the supply–demand tradeoff intensity for WY, SC, and CS services was less than zero from 2000 to 2020. The tradeoff and synergy of ecosystem services are primarily influenced by natural factors. Evapotranspiration has a positive effect on the tradeoff between water production and SC services, as well as on the tradeoff between supply and demand for water production and CS services. However, it has a restraining effect on the tradeoff between supply and demand for water production services. The proportion of grassland area has a restraining effect on the tradeoff between water production and CS services, as well as on the synergy between water production and SC service demands. In addition, it has a promoting effect on the supply–demand tradeoff of CS services. Precipitation has a restraining effect on the synergy between water production and CS service demands, as well as on the tradeoff between supply and demand for SC services. However, it has a promoting effect on the tradeoff between supply and demand for water production services. Socioeconomic factors have a secondary effect on the tradeoff and synergy of ecosystem services. Population density has a promoting effect on the synergy between water production and soil conservation service demands, whereas it has a restraining effect on the tradeoff between supply and demand for water production services and CS services. Therefore, when developing comprehensive management decisions for river basins, the spatial characteristics and driving factors that contribute to the tradeoff and synergy of ecosystem services must be considered.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2022-09-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： Revealing the relationship characteristics between the intensity of ecosystem service (ES) tradeoffs and the matching degree of ES supply and demand can provide possible ways to alleviate the ES conflict and supply- demand contradiction simultaneously. The districts and counties of Shanxi Province are selected in this study. Considering the tradeoff between supply and support service, tradeoff type 1 is when the supply service is relatively enhanced but support service is decreased, whereas tradeoff type 2 is the opposite condition. The influencing factors of ES tradeoffs and supply-demand and their related characteristics are revealed by redundancy analysis and piecewise linear regression. The following results are presented. (1) The high- value regions of tradeoff type 1 and the low-value regions of supply-demand ratio are mainly located in the basins, and the highvalue regions of tradeoff type 2 and supply-demand ratio are mainly located in the mountainous area. (2) Tradeoff type 1 is mainly affected by cropland, forestland, grassland, air temperature, and other factors. Meanwhile, tradeoff type 2 is primarily influenced by cropland, forestland, NDVI, and soil organic matter, but the direction of effects is opposite to that of tradeoff type 1. (3) The forestland, grassland, and slope gradient have significant positive effects on the supply-demand ratio of type 1, while the cropland and construction land have significant negative effects. The factors have minimal effects on the supply-demand ratio of type 2. (4) The effects of factor direction on tradeoff type 1 and the supply-demand ratio are opposite, which mainly contributes to the negative correlation between them. The response of the ES supply-demand ratio to tradeoffs is relatively strong when the contradiction between ES supply and demand is small. However, this response weakens with the deepening of the supply-demand contradiction. The relationship characteristics indicate the ecological dilemma: the human demand increases-development intensity increases-tradeoff type 1 enhances-the contradiction between supply and demand intensifies. A weak positive correlation is observed between tradeoff type 2 and supply-demand ratio, indicating the situation of ecological surplus. Overall, a correlation is observed between ES tradeoff and supply- demand. The results generally present the correlation characteristics and its formation mechanism, which can provide a scientific basis for land ecological restoration and management.
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