分类： 地球科学 >> 空间物理学 提交时间： 2017-03-31
摘要： Ulysses magnetic and plasma data are used to study hourly-scale Alfv{\'e}nic fluctuations in the solar polar wind. The calculated energy ratio $R^2_{v_A}$(cal) of inward to outward Alfv{\'e}n waves is obtained from the observed Wal{\'e}n slope through an analytical expression, and the observed $R^2_{v_A}$(obs) is based on a direct decomposition of original Alfv{\'e}nic fluctuations into outward- and inward-propagating Alfv{\'e}n waves. The radial variation of $R^2_{v_A}$(cal) shows a monotonically increasing trend with heliocentric distance $r$, implying the increasing local generation or contribution of inward Alfv{\'e}n waves. The contribution is also shown by the radial increase in the occurrence of dominant inward fluctuations. We further pointed out a higher occurrence ($\sim 83\%$ of a day in average) of dominant outward Alfv{\'e}nic fluctuations in the solar wind than previously estimated. Since $R^2_{v_A}$(cal) is more accurate than $R^2_{v_A}$(obs) in the measurement of the energy ratio for dominant outward fluctuations, the values of $R^2_{v_A}$(cal) in our results are likely more realistic in the solar wind than previously estimated and than $R^2_{v_A}$(obs) in our results. The duration ratio $R_T$ of dominant inward to all Alfv{\'e}nic fluctuations increases monotonically with $r$, and is about two or more times that from {\it Voyager 2} observations at $r \geq 4$~AU. Finally, from the variation trend in our results, a higher (lower) occurrence rate is expected at $r 4$~AU) for dominant outward Alfv{\'e}nic fluctuations, and opposite variations are expected for dominant inward fluctuations. Simultaneously, $R^2_{v_A}$(cal) and $R_T$ will be expected to be smaller at $r 4$~AU. These results reveal new qualitative and quantitative features of Alfv{\'e}nic fluctuations therein compared with previous studies and put constraints on modelling the variation of solar wind fluctuations.
分类： 地球科学 >> 空间物理学 提交时间： 2016-05-03
摘要： GNSS buoys are innovative ocean instruments, and can provide calibrations of the sea surface height and significant wave height (SWH) products of satellite altimeters. This paper investigated the principles of the wave retrieval by GNSS buoys, and proposed a method of calibration of altimeter SWH product by GNSS buoys. The error sources in the calibration procedure were analyzed. Ocean calibration campaigns were implemented to measure the SWH at the HY-2 altimeter nadir points, and acquired a SWH bias of +7.92 +/- 5.04 cm using four-parameters retracking algorithm. The SWH bias was +20.37 +/- 12.79 cm base on the HY-2 operational SWH products. The calibration campaigns showed that, GNSS buoys could serve for the satellite altimeter SWH calibration under low sea state condition, and the four-parameters retracking algorithm outperformed the conventional three-parameters retracking algorithm in accuracy and consistency, at least for SWH retrieving.
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