分类： 地球科学 >> 大气科学 提交时间： 2018-11-13 合作期刊: 《干旱区地理》
摘要： 空气质量事关人民健康和生活环境品质，近年频发的大气污染引发民众的普遍关注。大气污染治理需要对其形成、消散过程及其影响因素有一个清晰的了解，才能对症下药。本研究以2017年5月4日至5日华北地区出现了一次大范围的严重的天气污染形成与消散过程为研究对象，通过搜集华北地区9个城市空气中主要污染物浓度、AQI(空气质量指数)和常规气象数据，分析AQI、主要污染物（PM10, PM2.5,SO2,NO2,CO,O3）浓度变化特征和相关气象因子的关系。结果表明：本次重污染本质为区域性沙尘污染所致。污染过程呈现出形成速度快、消散急促的特点。该污染过程首要污染物为PM10，其次为PM2.5,SO2、NO2、CO、O3等由人类活动产生的污染物浓度并未超标。后向轨迹分析和相关分析发现造成此次严重污染颗粒物主要来自蒙古高原，风是主要驱动因子。污染物在空间位置比较接近的城市间传输时，表现出趋势一致性、时间上的滞后性和污染物浓度的累积性特点。
分类： 地球科学 >> 地球科学史 提交时间： 2018-09-17 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Hotan Prefecture is located at the southwestern edge of Taklimakan Desert, the world's largest shifting sand desert, of China. The desert is one of the main sources for frequent sand-dust weather events which strongly affect the air quality of Hotan Prefecture. Although this region is characterized by the highest annual mean PM10 concentration values that are routinely recorded by environmental monitoring stations across China, both this phenomenon and its underlying causes have not been adequately addressed in previous researches. Reliable pollutant PM10 data are currently retrieved using a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) 1400a, a direct real-time monitor, while additional concentration values including for PM2.5, sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3) have been collected in recent years by the Hotan Environmental Monitoring Station. Based on these data, this paper presents a comparison of the influences of different kinds of sand-dust weather events on PM10 (or PM2.5) as well as the concentrations of other gaseous pollutants in Hotan Prefecture. It is revealed that the highest monthly average PM10 concentrations are observed in the spring because of the frequent occurrence of three distinct kinds of sand-dust weather events at this time, including dust storms, blowing dust and floating dust. The floating dust makes the most significant contribution to PM10 (or PM2.5) concentration in this region, a result that differs from eastern Chinese cities where the heaviest PM10 pollution occurs usually in winter and air pollution results from the excess emission of local anthropogenic pollutants. It is also shown that PM10 concentration varies within typical dust storms. PM10 concentrations vary among 20 dust storm events within Hotan Prefecture, and the hourly mean concentrations tend to sharply increase initially then slowly decreasing over time. Data collected from cities in eastern China show the opposite with the hourly mean PM10 (or PM2.5) concentration tending to slowly increase then sharply decrease during heavy air pollution due to the excess emission of local anthropogenic pollutants. It is also found that the concentration of gaseous pollutants during sand-dust weather events tends to be lower than those cases under clear sky conditions. This indicates that these dust events effectively remove and rapidly diffuse gaseous pollutants. The analysis also shows that the concentration of SO2 decreases gradually at the onset of all three kinds of sand-dust weather events because of rapidly increasing wind velocity and the development of favorable atmospheric conditions for diffusion. In contrast, changes in O3 and NO2 concentrations conformed to the opposite pattern during all three kinds of sand-dust weather events within this region, implying the inter transformation of these gas species during these events.
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