Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2024-02-21 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区科学》
Abstract： Severe soil erosion and drought are the two main factors affecting the ecological security of the Loess Plateau, China. Investigating the influence of drought on soil conservation service is of great importance to regional environmental protection and sustainable development. However, there is little research on the coupling relationship between them. In this study, focusing on the Jinghe River Basin, China as a case study, we conducted a quantitative evaluation on meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural droughts (represented by the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Runoff Index (SRI), and Standardized Soil Moisture Index (SSMI), respectively) using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model, and quantified the soil conservation service using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in the historical period (2000–2019) and future period (2026–2060) under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). We further examined the influence of the three types of drought on soil conservation service at annual and seasonal scales. The NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX-GDDP) dataset was used to predict and model the hydrometeorological elements in the future period under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The results showed that in the historical period, annual-scale meteorological drought exhibited the highest intensity, while seasonal-scale drought was generally weakest in autumn and most severe in summer. Drought intensity of all three types of drought will increase over the next 40 years, with a greater increase under the RCP4.5 scenario than under the RCP8.5 scenario. Furthermore, the intra-annual variation in the drought intensity of the three types of drought becomes smaller under the two future scenarios relative to the historical period (2000–2019). Soil conservation service exhibits a distribution pattern characterized by high levels in the southwest and southeast and lower levels in the north, and this pattern has remained consistent both in the historical and future periods. Over the past 20 years, the intra-annual variation indicated peak soil conservation service in summer and lowest level in winter; the total soil conservation of the Jinghe River Basin displayed an upward trend, with the total soil conservation in 2019 being 1.14 times higher than that in 2000. The most substantial impact on soil conservation service arises from annual-scale meteorological drought, which remains consistent both in the historical and future periods. Additionally, at the seasonal scale, meteorological drought exerts the highest influence on soil conservation service in winter and autumn, particularly under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Compared to the historical period, the soil conservation service in the Jinghe River Basin will be significantly more affected by drought in the future period in terms of both the affected area and the magnitude of impact. This study conducted beneficial attempts to evaluate and predict the dynamic characteristics of watershed drought and soil conservation service, as well as the response of soil conservation service to different types of drought. Clarifying the interrelationship between the two is the foundation for achieving sustainable development in a relatively arid and severely eroded area such as the Jinghe River Basin.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2023-08-23 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The public’s psychological reactions to climate change, including cognition, attitude, emotions, and affects, are important psychological antecedents to their participation in the mitigation of and adaptation to climate change crisis. As a result, tracking, monitoring, and learning about these individuals’ psychological reactions to climate change would lay the foundation for climate change education, mass media communication, and successful implementation of climate policies. The current study systematically summarizes the multi-dimensional factors influencing individuals’ psychological reactions to climate change, and proposes suggestions for the development of psychological research on climate change and for climate actions. Hopefully, this study would raise the awareness of psychologists, climate scientists, and the governments on the application of public psychological reactions and the discipline of psychology to climate practices, facilitating the construction of a climate-resilient society where everybody contributes.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2023-08-23 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin has been prioritized as a national strategy. The release and implementation of the Outline of the Yellow River Basin’ s Ecological Protection and High-quality Development Plan in 2021 have placed the Loess Plateau, located in the middle reach of the Yellow River, in a critical phase characterized by the need to sustain ecological restoration achievements while fostering socioeconomic progress. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current conditions and issues related to ecological construction and socioeconomic development in the Loess Plateau. It proposes four specific suggestions focusing on improving ecosystem stability and sustainability, promoting a green transition in socioeconomic development, implementing scientific territorial planning, and adopting an integrated and coordinated approach to managing the entire Yellow River Basin during ecological restoration efforts. The study aims to provide scientific support for the ecological protection and high-quality development of both the Loess Plateau and the Yellow River Basin.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2022-12-20 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：
With the foundation of global climate change in recent years, droughts in various climatic areas in Inner Mongolia may bring unpredictable disaster risks to local agricultural production. The whole region was divided into five climatic areas, and monthly data was received from 46 meteorological stations from 1981 to 2012. Twenty meteorological stations from 2014 to 2020 were selected to calculate the different time scales of the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) using precipitation and reference evapotranspiration from the Penman-Monteith method to reveal the drought characteristics and its dominant meteorological factors during the crop growing season (May-September) in Inner Mongolia. A monthly drought during the crop growing season was revealed. The high-incidence month and region of drought in the growing season in various climatic areas were identified by the SPEI of a 1-month scale, and a stepwise linear regression method was selected and verified to extract the dominant meteorological factors driving the drought in each month and the whole growing season in various climatic areas. Results indicated that the following: (1) from the interannual changes, the drought from 1998 to 2008 was more serious, and the drought in other years was less serious. (2) The largest drought area and degree appeared in May during the crop growing season. The probability of moderate drought in the moist and semi- humid area was 37% higher compared to the hyper- arid area, while the extreme drought probably occurred in the moist and semi-humid area and dry and semi-humid area. (3) Dominant meteorological factors driving the drought varied in the crop growth period of various climatic areas in Inner Mongolia. Precipitation and a minimum temperature were the main impact factors for a drought in the crop growing season. (4) Using limited meteorological data, the regression models in each climate region performance well can be used to estimate the monthly SPEI. The results provide a theoretical basis for scientific evaluation of drought characteristics in the spring maize growing season and formulates reasonable measures of response to the drought.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2022-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：利用在三江源区开展的飞机云物理探测试验数据，对2020年9月13日三江源泽库地区一次积层混合云宏微观物理特征及对流泡特征进行分析。结果表明：（1）积层混合云内温度在-23~-10 ℃之间，相对湿度为90%~100%，液态过冷水在0.04~0.70 gm-3之间；（2）对流泡内平均粒子数浓度高于周边层云101 L-1，平均有效粒子半径更大，平均液态过冷水为0.28 gm-3，高于层云约0.03 gm-3，粒子数浓度与液态过冷水有较好的对应关系；（3）云粒子谱呈多峰型分布，峰值出现在50 m、400 m和1000 m，符合典型高云的分布特征；（4）积层混合云中粒子多为聚合状冰晶粒子，部分高度层存在少量六角板状和线状冰晶，云内以凇附增长和聚并增长机制为主，对流泡内存在凝华增长，云内降水机制符合播撒-供给机制。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2022-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：利用欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）提供的高时空分辨率ERA5再分析资料，对祁连山地区夏季空中云水资源的时空分布及南北坡差异特征进行研究，并估算水汽凝结效率及水凝物降水效率。研究表明：大气环流以及地形引起的低层水汽场辐合和上升气流对祁连山地区空中云水资源分布起到关键作用。（1）在平均状态下，祁连山地区夏季水汽含量南坡略小于北坡，云水路径南坡大于北坡，南坡500 hPa以下是云液水含量富集区。近年来，水汽含量及云液水含量呈上升趋势，且南坡增速大于北坡；云冰水含量呈下降趋势，且北坡下降速度大于南坡。（2）夏季白天北坡存在定常性上升气流，且该上升气流可持续到对流层中层，南坡低层为水汽通量辐合区。（3）在不同降水环流下，偏西或西北气流形势时，北坡云水分布较南坡更为充沛，且多以含水性低云为主；西南气流形势时，云水厚度更深，南北坡云水差异不大。（4）祁连山区尤其是南坡，空中云水资源相对丰富，且较大部分水凝物未能成为降水，增雨潜力更高，但其云水分布并不固定，也与降水环流形势有关。因此，祁连山上空云水资源分布的不均匀性及多变性需要在开发过程中更有针对性的选择作业区域及作业手段。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2022-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：全球气候变暖背景下，厘清黄土高原地区降水集中度（PCD）和集中期（PCP）时空变化规律，对该区水土保持及水资源利用具有重要意义。基于19602019年黄土高原地区55个气象站点逐日降水观测资料，利用趋势分析、空间插值、相关分析等方法，分析了近60 a及退耕还林（草）工程前后黄土高原PCD 与PCP 时空变化特征。结果表明：（1）19602019年黄土高原年均降水量呈减少趋势，年均PCD 逐渐减弱、PCP 逐渐提前。（2）黄土高原地区年均降水量和PCD 自东南向西北递减，PCP 自东向西逐渐递减，但差异不大。PCD 变化趋势自东北向西南呈下降-上升-下降相间分布，PCP 表现出东部推迟、西部提前的态势。（3）退耕还林（草）工程后，黄土高原年均降水量增加、PCD 减弱、PCP 推迟。降水量自东向西呈偏少-偏多相间分布，其变化趋势以偏多为主；PCD 自东北向西南呈偏低-偏高-偏低分布规律，其变化趋势以偏低为主；PCP 以偏高为主，偏高幅度呈南多北少、东多西少态势，其趋势变化也以偏多为主。（4）19602019年黄土高原地区PCD、PCP 与年降水量皆以正相关为主。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2022-09-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：以呼和浩特市武川县不同农田和天然草地为研究对象，采用野外原位监测和室内试验结合的方法，对典 型小麦留茬地、葵花留茬地、翻耕地、退耕地4种农田土壤进行研究，并通过分析平均粒径、标准差、偏度、峰度，对不 同利用方式下土地抗风蚀能力进行探讨。研究结果表明：（1）研究区土壤以细砂、极细砂和粉粒为主，占比达80%~ 85%。（2）土壤粒度组成由细到粗为：翻耕1 a＞天然草地＞翻耕边坡＞小麦留茬＞翻耕15 a＞退耕5 a＞葵花留茬， 沙粒平均粒径为2.12~2.61。（3）各层土壤分选性较差，偏度均表现为正偏且近于对称，峰度属于宽平态。土壤易风 蚀颗粒粒径范围在200~400 m。（4）与天然草地相比，农田垦殖利用导致土壤粒径分布范围扩大，粒径整体趋于粗 粒化。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2022-09-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：为探究河西灌溉区农田生态系统土壤养分限制及其循环规律，明确不同水分处理下青贮玉米植株与土壤 的稳态性特征，以甘肃省河西灌溉区W（0 传统灌水）、W（1 节水10%）、W（2 节水20%）、W（3 节水30%）4种灌水处理的 青贮玉米为研究对象，分析不同灌水处理下土壤、植株有机碳（OC, Organic Carbon）、全氮（TN, Total Nitrogen）、全磷 （TP, Total Phosphorus）含量及其生态化学计量特征变化和植株与土壤间的内稳性特征。结果表明：（1）不同灌水处 理下青贮玉米土壤OC、TN、TP含量均在0~10 cm土层达到最高值。（2）4种灌水处理下，植株器官养分含量在W0灌 水处理下显著升高；在0~30 cm土层土壤OC、TN、TP含量在W1灌水处理下最高，且TN、TP显著高于其余灌水处理 6.66%~26.17%、4.67%~19.21%；随灌水量减少土壤及植株养分降低显著。（3）土壤、植株C∶N、C∶P、N∶P值变化范围 分别为 3.60~61.2、4.39~53.9、1.01~1.24，其中，土壤 C∶N 值在各土层及不同灌水处理下较为稳定，叶片（11.9）、根 （7.58）的N∶P值均小于植株氮限制的阈值（14），说明植株生长受到氮元素的限制。（4）4种灌水处理下，植株（根、叶 片）OC、TP元素及其化学比值稳态性均呈现绝对稳定状态，但在W2处理下叶片N∶P稳态性表现出敏感状态。可见， 在河西灌溉区，节水10%不仅有利于青贮玉米土壤养分的存留及保持作物生长的稳定适应能力，也可达到节水目 的，进而缓解水资源紧缺的现状。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2022-09-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： Studying the spatial and temporal variations of the net carbon sink function of oasis farmland is important for its management and sustainable development. The net carbon sink of Aksu oasis farmland was estimated on the basis of remote sensing, meteorological data and agricultural inputs, and other related statistics from 2001 to 2017. The following results are presented. (1) In the past 17 years, the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of oasis farmland in Aksu showed an increasing trend yearly, with an average annual growth rate of 7.43%. Among which, the area of oasis farmland with a significant increasing trend of NEP was 1.44 × 104 km2 , accounting for 97.7% of its total area, which is mainly distributed in various counties and cities. The area with a significant decreasing trend was 339 km2 , accounting for 2.3% of the total area, mainly in the oasis areas of Wensu, Awati, Aksu, and Kuche counties. (2) Carbon emissions from agricultural production inputs increased from 39.94 × 104 t in 2001 to 106.73 × 104 t in 2017, with an average annual growth rate of 25.14% and high and low distribution patterns in the Southeast and Northwest, respectively, considering spatial distribution. The largest proportions of agricultural production input pathways are fertilizer and agricultural machinery at 28% and 26%, respectively. (3) From 2001 to 2017, the net carbon sink of Aksu oasis farmland showed a fluctuating upward trend, spatially demonstrating a gradual increase from Northwest to Southeast, with high values mainly distributed in the southwestern part of Wensu county, the western part of Aksu City, the entire territory of Alar City, and the eastern part of Xinhe County. Overall, Aksu oasis farmland has a high net carbon sink capacity. However, regional differences are found in the net carbon sinks of oasis farmland among counties and cities. Thus, the net carbon sink capacity of oasis farmland should be improved by optimizing the agricultural industry structure and enhancing farming measures.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2022-09-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： Soil salinity aggregation will change soil acidity or alkalinity. As an important land resource reserve area in China, soil salinization and secondary salinization problems are frequent in Xinjiang, Therefore, accurately obtaining soil salinity information and effectively improving soil salinity is beneficial to regulating the contradiction between agricultural irrigation and freshwater resources. Such regulation is of considerable important to the sustainable development of agricultural production and ecological environment. In this study, the soil pH value of cotton fields in Alar Reclamation Area, southern Xinjiang, was taken as the research object, and the EM38-MK2 geodetic conductivity meter was used on the basis of electromagnetic induction technology to obtain soil apparent conductivity data of nine cotton fields in the Reclamation Area. In each cotton field, soil apparent conductivity thresholds were collected in accordance with cotton fields of 0- 0.375, 0.375- 0.75, 0.75- 1.00 m depth, 54 profile samples were collected from three soil layers, and 486 soil profile samples were collected from nine cotton fields. The linear regression model between soil pH and soil apparent conductivity was constructed using two ideas of the global and different regions and combined with geostatistical software to quantify in cotton fields in the Reclamation Area. The two-tailed test results revealed that the correlation coefficients between apparent conductivity and soil pH were 0.60-0.95 for the idea of different regions under the condition of P < 0.01; while those for the global regions were 0.28-0.46. Both findings were highly significant negative correlations, indicating that EM38- MK2 could be used for the determination of soil pH. Linear regression models between apparent conductivity data and soil pH were constructed using the global region and different regions. The zonal models 0.74 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.93 and 2.00 ≤ RPD ≤ 3.50, which have smaller RMSE, showed high accuracy, indicating that the accuracy of the different region model is better than that of the global region models. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the soil pH inversion model is also higher in areas with higher salinity. The Kriging interpolation results showed that the soil pH in the deep layer of cotton fields in the Reclamation Area was higher than that in the surface layer due to the influence of winter irrigation, cotton root system and cotton dead leaves. This study aims to provide ideas for the rapid determination of soil pH. Therefore, soil acid- base risk prediction can be accurate, and effective risk countermeasures can be formulated rationally
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2022-09-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： This article takes the farmland soils in the Syr Darya River Basin of Kazakhstan as the research object, combining classical statistics and geostatistics methods, and investigates the characteristics of soil grain size and spatial heterogeneity in the 0-20 cm soil layer. Results showed that the distribution characteristics of soil particles with different particle sizes in each study area were similar, and the average content of particles with particle sizes of 0.25-0.05 mm and 0.05-0.01 mm is the highest. Except for subzone 3, the content of soil particles with a particle size of 1.0-0.25 mm has strong variability, while that of other sizes has a moderate degree of variability; Except for soil particles with a particle size of 1.0-0.05 mm in subzone 1, the nugget coefficient of soil particle content of other particle sizes is all < 40%, and that of each particle size in subzone 2 is all < 50%, in subzone 3, except for soil particles with a particle size of < 0.001 mm, the nugget coefficient of soil particle content of other particle sizes is < 40%. These findings revealed that the composition of soil particles in each study area has been affected by varying degrees of random factors; The Kriging interpolation method was used to interpolate the content of soil particles of different sizes in the study area. The interpolation results showed that the content of soil particles of different sizes in the study area demonstrated different distribution characteristics in the spatial distribution. The research results can provide a scientific basis for the rational use of farmland soil and the improvement of degraded soil.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2022-09-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： Typical urban rivers in Xi’an (Ba River, Chan River, Feng River, and Hei River) were selected as the research object to understand the impact of different land-use types on the distribution of heavy metals in river sediments. The spatial distribution, environmental risks, and sources of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and As) in river sediments were analyzed and evaluated using potential ecological risk (RI), pollution load index (PLI), correlation analysis, and principal component analysis. Results showed that the content of heavy metals in the sediments of the four rivers was presented in the following order: Chan River > Ba River > Hei River > Feng River. The RI results showed that Cd remarkably contributed to the pollution, and the four rivers were all at moderate potential ecological risk. The PLI results showed that the H1 sample site in Hei River was moderately polluted, which was the highest. The RI and PLI results showed that the sample sites in the Chan River were the most polluted, and they were concentrated in the middle and lower reaches where the proportion of artificial ground and intensity of human activities were high. In addition, the results of correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that most heavy metals came from human activities such as emissions from industrial and agricultural production and traffic pollution. Therefore, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of Cd pollution, particularly in the middle reaches of Feng River and Hei River, to prevent further pollution.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2022-09-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： Research on landscape spatiotemporal variation and its pattern vulnerability can provide a scientific basis for regional landscape optimization and ecological protection. Based on six periods of landscape type data from 1980 to 2020, this paper analyzes the lake basin landscape and its variation process in Liangcheng County. Moreover, a comprehensive evaluation index of landscape vulnerability is constructed by using landscape sensitivity and adaptability indexes to analyze the spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of landscape pattern vulnerability in the entire county. The main findings are listed below. (1) The landscape types of Liangcheng County have significantly changed over the past 40 years. Except for the unused land, the dynamic degree of cultivated land, forestland, and grassland from 1980 to 1995, that of each landscape type from 1995 to 2010, and that of waters and construction land from 2010 to 2020 are the largest, which indirectly reflects the life and production modes of the study area in different periods. (2) The landscape pattern vulnerability was mainly medium and high- grade with an area of more than 70% in Liangcheng Country from 1980 to 2020. The areas of high landscape pattern vulnerability were mainly concentrated in the central and southeast of Liangcheng, and the low-value areas were located in the Daihai and its northern parts. The landscape vulnerability integrated index generally decreased first; this index then increased and finally decreased. Moreover, the spatial aggregation increased, indicating that the ecological environment began to improve. (3) The vulnerability of ecological environments is significantly different in various landscape types and topographies in the study area. Forestland and grassland have more higher vulnerability and water has the lowest vulnerability among all landscape types. The landscape pattern vulnerability is the lowest in the area with an altitude of <1300 m and a slope of <5° and the highest with an altitude of 1700-1900 m and a slope of 25°-40° on different altitudes and slopes. (4) The gray correlation analysis revealed that the population, water area, and farmland area are the leading factors that affected the landscape pattern vulnerability, indicating that human activities significantly impacted the ecological environment more than climatic factors in the study area. Optimizing landscape structure, reducing excessive disturbance, and protecting water resources and their environment are the primary ways to reduce the vulnerability of landscape patterns and ecological protection in Liangcheng Country.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2022-09-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： A quantity-space coupling model can effectively simulate the number of land-use patches and their rapid spatial changes. Thus, this model has become the main method of land use research in recent years. This research first compared the simulated land-use structure of the patch-generating land-use simulation model (PLUS), future land-use simulation model (FLUS), and conversion of land use and its effects at small regional extent (CLUE-S) in the Gan-Lin-Gao region (Ganzhou District, Linze County and Gaotai County of Zhangye City) of the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin in 2015. In addition, this research selected the suitable spatial simulation model for the study area; then, it was coupled with the system dynamics model (SD) to form a quantitative-spatial coupling model. Finally, the coupling model was used to predict the land-use structure of the economic development (ED), ecological protection (EP), and harmonious development (HD) scenarios, and comparative evaluation was conducted. The research results showed that (1) at the same pixel scale, the figure of merit of the PLUS model was higher than that of the FLUS and CLUE-S models, and the Kno and Klocation of the three models were PLUS, CLUE-S, and FLUS from high to low, indicating that the PLUS model had the best spatial fitting effect in this study area. (2) Moreover, the different scenarios predicted by the PLUS- SD coupling model showed that the construction land and arable land in the ED scenario expanded rapidly, but the forest coverage rate was low. Furthermore, the forest coverage rate in the EP scenario increased significantly, but the level of ED was low, and the urbanization in the HD scenario improved when the ecological environment was gradually developing. This research determined the significant advantages of the PLUS- SD coupling model and highlighted the effective land-use spatial simulation capabilities of the PLUS model and powerful data processing capabilities of the SD model. The results can provide reference for the formulation of land planning policies.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2022-09-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： Based on the data of 107 counties and regions in Shanxi Province in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2018, this paper constructs the evaluation index system of high-quality development in Shanxi Province, uses the InVEST model to calculate the ecosystem services of counties and regions in Shanxi Province, and analyzes the spatiotemporal coupling characteristics of the high-quality development system and ecosystem services of counties in Shanxi Province by using the coupling coordination model and elasticity coefficient method. The following results are presented. (1) The grade effect of cities has a significant impact on the level of high-quality development. The spatial differentiation law of high-quality development is strong, which roughly forms the north-south-middle three- level cores, and the polarization effect in the central region is prominent. (2) Ecosystem services in the study area have locking effects in time scale and spatial pattern. The temporal and spatial evolution characteristics are consistent with the topographic distribution of the study area, showing a stable“mirror L- shaped”spatial distribution pattern. (3) Ecosystem services in the study area generally lag behind high- quality development. From the perspective of the time change, the coupling level shows an upward trend. From the perspective of spatial pattern characteristics, ecosystem services and the high-quality development show the coordination main axis of“northeast-southwest.”(4) The coupling type of high-quality development and ecosystem services in the study area mainly changes in different directions, generally showing a retrogressive development trend. A “polarization”pattern, in which recession and lag types compete, is also observed, forming a convergent“S” type attenuation area. As an ideal model of coupling type, growth type is remarkably few in the study area.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2022-09-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： Revealing the relationship characteristics between the intensity of ecosystem service (ES) tradeoffs and the matching degree of ES supply and demand can provide possible ways to alleviate the ES conflict and supply- demand contradiction simultaneously. The districts and counties of Shanxi Province are selected in this study. Considering the tradeoff between supply and support service, tradeoff type 1 is when the supply service is relatively enhanced but support service is decreased, whereas tradeoff type 2 is the opposite condition. The influencing factors of ES tradeoffs and supply-demand and their related characteristics are revealed by redundancy analysis and piecewise linear regression. The following results are presented. (1) The high- value regions of tradeoff type 1 and the low-value regions of supply-demand ratio are mainly located in the basins, and the highvalue regions of tradeoff type 2 and supply-demand ratio are mainly located in the mountainous area. (2) Tradeoff type 1 is mainly affected by cropland, forestland, grassland, air temperature, and other factors. Meanwhile, tradeoff type 2 is primarily influenced by cropland, forestland, NDVI, and soil organic matter, but the direction of effects is opposite to that of tradeoff type 1. (3) The forestland, grassland, and slope gradient have significant positive effects on the supply-demand ratio of type 1, while the cropland and construction land have significant negative effects. The factors have minimal effects on the supply-demand ratio of type 2. (4) The effects of factor direction on tradeoff type 1 and the supply-demand ratio are opposite, which mainly contributes to the negative correlation between them. The response of the ES supply-demand ratio to tradeoffs is relatively strong when the contradiction between ES supply and demand is small. However, this response weakens with the deepening of the supply-demand contradiction. The relationship characteristics indicate the ecological dilemma: the human demand increases-development intensity increases-tradeoff type 1 enhances-the contradiction between supply and demand intensifies. A weak positive correlation is observed between tradeoff type 2 and supply-demand ratio, indicating the situation of ecological surplus. Overall, a correlation is observed between ES tradeoff and supply- demand. The results generally present the correlation characteristics and its formation mechanism, which can provide a scientific basis for land ecological restoration and management.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2022-09-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：为阐明高寒草地啮齿类动物活动区鼠丘土壤风蚀特征和规律，以青海省河南县鼠害退化区高原鼠兔和高 原鼢鼠鼠丘为研究对象，采用野外模拟风力侵蚀试验方法，对2类鼠丘土壤风蚀流失量和养分流失量的特征和规律 进行研究，并对该2种鼠丘土壤风蚀差异进行对比和分析。结果表明：（1）在9 ms-1 的恒风速吹蚀作用下，2种鼠丘 土壤颗粒的快速流失主要集中在前15 min内，且高原鼠兔鼠丘土壤流失量显著高于高原鼢鼠鼠丘，约为高原鼢鼠 鼠丘土壤流失量的1.5倍。（2）蠕移是鼠丘土壤流失最主要的运动方式，相同时间内2种鼠丘均呈现蠕移量>跃移 量>悬移量，其中高原鼠兔鼠丘蠕移量、跃移量和悬移量分别为高原鼢鼠鼠丘的1.45倍、1.58倍、1.50倍。（3）鼠丘土 壤养分含量明显低于原生草地土壤层，且养分含量呈现出原生草地土壤>高原鼠兔鼠丘土壤>高原鼢鼠鼠丘土壤。 （4）鼠丘土壤养分流失和土壤流失具有相同的规律，养分流失主要取决于土壤颗粒的流失，高原鼠兔鼠丘的各养分 含量指标的流失量较高原鼢鼠鼠丘增加1.42~3.53倍。研究结果将为阐述鼠害退化区土壤流失特征，揭示高寒草地 退化机理和黄河源草地生态环境保护提供理论依据。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2022-09-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：蒙古国风蚀沙漠化严重，成为世界主要的沙尘源地之一，为了深入了解蒙古国全域风蚀时空变化特征，利 用蒙古国境内的GLDAS、OLM、MOD13Q1、NASA-SRTM等气象和遥感数据，基于GEE（Google Earth Engine）云计算 平台，利用RWEQ模型计算了蒙古国土壤风蚀量和时空变化规律，分析了土壤风蚀的主要影响因素及作用机制。 结果表明：（1）自20012020年，蒙古国土壤风蚀呈北部低、南部高的空间分布格局；土壤风蚀主要发生在春季，风 蚀量占全年的45%；近20 a土壤风蚀量总体上呈显著增加趋势，风蚀模数以0.06 thm-2a-1 的速度增长。（2）蒙古国 土壤风蚀变化整体上与气候因子及由其引起的植被盖度变化有关，与放牧、耕地开垦等人为活动增强有密切关 系。研究结果可为蒙古国风蚀沙漠化防治提供重要的科学参考。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2022-09-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：为探究不同降雨频率对甘南尕海湿草甸土壤铵态氮（NH+4 -N）、硝态氮（NO-3 -N）、全氮（TN）的影响，于 2019年植物生长季（510月），通过模拟极端降雨（25 mm灌溉量）设置5种不同降雨频率处理：CK只接收自然降 雨，DF1每周浇灌1次（19次25mm），DF2每2周浇灌1次（9次25 mm），DF3每3周浇灌1次（6次25 mm），DF4每4 周浇灌1次（4次25 mm）；所有处理均接收自然降雨。结果表明：不同降雨频率处理对尕海湿草甸土壤氮组分有显 著影响（P<0.05）。降雨频率的增加提高了510月土壤 NH+4 -N和 NO-3 -N含量，NH+4 -N和 NO-3 -N的峰值有显著 升高，两者的峰值并未提前出现；与CK相比，降雨频率的增加提高了土壤 NH+4 -N和 NO-3 -N含量，降低了TN含量； 而在不同降雨频率间，随降雨频率的梯度增加，0~40 cm土层 NH+4 -N和 NO-3 -N均呈先增后减的趋势，TN呈先减后 增的趋势；不同降雨频率处理下，各土层NH4+ -N的TN占比均高于 NO-3 -N，且土壤 NH+4 -N、NO-3 -N、TN含量均随土 层深度增加而降低。
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