• 两种典型大气扩散指数在新疆的分布特征及其适用性对比

    Subjects: Geosciences >> Atmospheric Sciences submitted time 2023-05-30 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》

    Abstract: To quantitatively evaluate the effect of meteorological conditions on air pollution, data from 14 meteorological sounding stations and surface observation stations in Xinjiang were used to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of atmospheric self-purification capacity index (ASI) and air stagnation index (ASITS) from 2010 to 2020. Results showed a negative correlation between ASI and ASITS. ASI was the largest in summer and the smallest in winter. It was generally greater in southern Xinjiang than in northern Xinjiang, whereas ASITS showed the opposite trend. This implied that the atmospheric diffusion conditions were better in southern Xinjiang than in northern Xinjiang, and a static and stable atmospheric circulation more easily formed in northern Xinjiang than in southern Xinjiang. The daily pollution data of air environment monitoring stations from 2015 to 2020 were used to determine the correlation between the air quality of Xinjiang in different seasons and the air quality of five heavily polluted stations and the two indexes. The two indexes highly correlated with the air pollution data of Urumqi station, and the static stability index was better, which can well indicate the degree of air pollution. However, no good correlation was found between the two indexes and the air pollution data of four stations in the southern Xinjiang basin. In the heavy pollution case in the spring of 2018, the PM10 concentration span was very large, so the two indexes showed a high dispersion on the scatter diagram, which is not applicable. In particular, in Hotan and Aksu, the two indexes showed a certain correlation with the pollutant concentration, and ASITS performed better. In Kashgar, ASI showed no correlation with air quality, and ASITS showed a weak correlation; the two indexes showed no correlation with the air quality of Korla, implying poor applicability. Further study on the distribution of indexes under different pollution levels in the capital city of Urumqi showed that the early warning indicators can be preliminarily condensed as follows: When pollutant emission is serious, and if ASI is distributed at 0-20 t·(d·km2)−1, it is susceptible to heavy weather pollution, and the range of ASITS is of little significance.
     

  • 昆仑山北麓两次极端暴雨水汽特征对比分析

    Subjects: Geosciences >> Atmospheric Sciences submitted time 2022-06-07 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》

    Abstract:使用高空、地面观测资料、地面自动站雨量资料和美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)再分析资料,通过水汽通量诊断分析、后向轨迹模型等方法,分析了昆仑山北麓和田地区2020年5月57日(简称0506过程)和2021年6月1417日(简称0615过程)两次极端暴雨过程的环流形势、中尺度系统、水汽输送和收支特征。结果表明:(1)两次暴雨过程有共同的特点:影响系统都为中亚低涡,均有来自里海、咸海一带的水汽输送;对流层低层偏东急流作用显著,最强水汽辐合集中在700~850 hPa。(2)两次暴雨过程也有明显差异:0506过程的南亚高压为带状分布,水汽输送路径为西方和偏东路径,其中西方路径水汽输送最明显,西边界水汽输入贡献占88%;0615过程的南亚高压为双体型,水汽输送路径为北方和偏南路径,水汽来自阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾的偏南气流向北输送,南方路径输送量远远大于其他路径,南边界水汽输入贡献占78%。(3)和田大气可降水量(PW)增大尤其是超过平均状态时,对强降水出现有指示意义,当PW20 mm以上时,可能会出现暴雨或极端暴雨天气。

  • 南疆夏季不同类型暴雨精细化特征对比分析

    Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2021-06-13 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》

    Abstract:南疆暴雨是小概率事件,其预报预警的难度较大。南疆一些暴雨过程的历时短,降水强度大,并伴有短时强降水事件(即“短时强降水暴雨”);而另一些暴雨过程的降水时间相对较长,未伴有短时强降水事件(即“非短时强降水暴雨”)。为探究南疆上述两类暴雨的差异,利用2013—2019年426个自动气象站逐小时降水资料,对比分析了南疆夏季短时强降水暴雨和非短时强降水暴雨的差异,结果表明:(1)南疆夏季以短时强降水暴雨为主,超过70%的站点在暴雨日中出现过短时强降水事件;短时强降水暴雨主要发生在7月,该月约95%的暴雨日中都出现过短时强降水事件。(2)南疆海拔在2000~2500 m的站点出现暴雨的比例最高,海拔低于1000 m的站点最低。南疆短时强降水暴雨主要发生在海拔低于2000 m的区域,非短时强降水暴雨则主要发生在海拔高于2000 m的区域,上述两类暴雨均具有明显的夜雨特征。(3)南疆总暴雨与短时强降水暴雨的累计降水量、降水频次和平均降水强度的日变化特征相似,二者与非短时强降水暴雨的差异较大。非短时强降水暴雨的累计降水量、降水频次和平均降水强度的峰值时段均出现在上午;短时强降水暴雨的累计降水量和平均降水强度的峰值时段出现在傍晚前后和前半夜,累计降水频次的峰值时段则主要出现在后半夜至清晨,短时强降水暴雨的降水强度与累计降水量的关系比降水频次更密切。南疆短时强降水暴雨和非短时强降水暴雨的观测特征存在显著差异,二者的降水形成机制也不相同。

  • 天山北麓两次暴雪天气对比分析

    Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2019-11-15 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》

    Abstract:利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°(美国气象环境预报中心—NCEP和美国国家大气研究中心—NCAR)再分析资料、全球同化系统(GDAS)数据、引入基于拉格朗日方法的气流轨迹模式(HYSPLIT_v4.9)、FY-2E卫星资料、多普勒雷达产品,对2014年2月和2016年3月天山北麓的两次暴雪天气过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明:两次暴雪过程的降雪落区均是出现在500 hPa槽前、低层切变或辐合区、高层辐散区、温度平流梯度在垂直方向大值区、相当黑体亮度温度(TBB)中心边缘的梯度较大处重叠区域。通过诊断发现,2016年暴雪天气的暴雪区上空有类似于暴雨过程的湿对称不稳定存在,使得大气潜在不稳定能量较大,为暴雪提供了不稳定机制。而在2014年暴雪天气中没有发现湿对称不稳定,说明条件对称不稳定并不是造成暴雪的唯一原因,还可能受别的不稳定机制或动力因子、热力因子影响,但其对单位时间内降雪强度有明显的增幅作用。分析雷达回波特征的演变发现,雷达回波中心的强度、持续时间、范围与强降雪中心的变化一致。

  • 乌鲁木齐城区一次极端东南大风的形成机制——重力波与超低空急流耦合

    Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2019-11-15 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》

    Abstract:东南大风是乌鲁木齐城区独有的强灾害性天气,通过研究发现东南大风是天山峡谷特殊地形造成的大振幅重力波与超低空急流耦合触发的强下坡风暴。针对2012年3月30日乌鲁木齐城区出现的近10 a最强的一次东南大风天气过程,使用中尺度WRF模式进行数值模拟,分析模式输出的高时空分辨率产品发现:在气压梯度力作用下,气流从天山峡谷南端进入,一方面由于狭管效应在峡谷内300~400 m高度形成超低空急流;另一方面气流在进入峡谷过程中,因爬坡强迫抬升形成重力波。重力波在峡谷内与超低空急流发生耦合,在峡谷北端背风坡形成大曲率背风波,背风波的下沉运动引起动量下传,将超低空急流的能量输送到地面,形成水跃型下坡风暴即东南大风。在此过程中背风坡上空风向切变的临界层吸收上层波能量加强了超低空急流,对流层低层稳定层结对背风波的下沉运动起到加速作用。