Subjects: Geosciences >> Atmospheric Sciences submitted time 2023-05-30 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： An unusual winter synoptic process of mixed rain and snow with strong airborne dustfall occurred in Xinjiang, northwestern China from November 30 to December 3, 2018. Based on the meteorological records, environmental monitoring data, and continuous atmospheric dustfall observations, we analyzed the characteristics of the air pollutants during the synoptic process and studied their impact on the environment. The results showed that, during this anomalous synoptic process, >90% of the oasis cities in Xinjiang Province, China were affected by the atmospheric particulate pollution. The inhalable particulate matter comprised mostly coarse particles. This abnormal synoptic process caused the concentration of particulate matter to rapidly rise with PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm) concentration in Xinjiang reaching a maximum of 4745 μg·m-3. The occurrence of strong winds in the Xinjiang cities was highly positively correlated with the elevated PM10 concentration and air quality index. This synoptic process resulted in a total atmospheric dust deposition of approximately 0.9- 1.52 million tons in the provincial capital city of Urumqi. The average airborne dustfall intensity in Urumqi was 85 g·m-2, exceeding the city’s annual average by 60%. This anomalous winter rain and snow mixed with eolian dust caused severe pollution of the atmosphere as well as intense atmospheric dustfall. Under the action of atmospheric circulation with jet streams, enormous amounts of particulates were transported to the oasis areas, seriously deteriorating the quality of the atmosphere in the urban environment. The Taklamakan Desert is the main pollution source for these strong winter dustfall events in Xinjiang, northwestern China.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2022-08-08 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：对新疆S214省道台特玛湖干涸湖盆段防沙体系内外的风沙流输沙和风速进行了同步观测，数据分析表明：观测时防沙体系中阻固沙带已拦截了大量风沙，虽近地表风速被削弱程度不大，但风沙流输沙的43.26%仍可被防沙体系所拦截和固定，而剩余部分则可借助路侧输沙带的较大风力输移到公路下风侧，且不产生路面沙害，表明阻固输结合型防沙体系非常适宜单风向强风沙环境。S214省道防沙实践可为其他强风沙环境公路防沙提供重要借鉴经验。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2021-12-12 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：中蒙俄经济走廊建设是“一带一路”的重要组成部分，将丝绸之路经济带与俄罗斯欧亚大铁路、蒙古国“草原之路”对接联通，对推进区域经济合作发挥着重要作用。区域自然灾害防治是陆路交通干线建设与安全运营的重要关键。中蒙俄经济走廊蒙古高原段在气候变化和人类活动共同作用下，草场退化及风蚀荒漠化问题较为普遍，风沙（雪）害防治则是区域交通干线安全保障的重要课题。结合前人相关的试验理论分析，基于多次大范围实地考察，本文综述了当前蒙古高原交通干线的风沙（雪）害的主要类型及发生机制，预判了路面积沙是未来高等级公路的主要沙害类型；针对现有公路和铁路及未来高等级公路的风沙（雪）危害，结合蒙古高原的生态环境特点，制定了相应防治技术方案和建设性建议，可为蒙古高原段交通干线建设提供科技支撑。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2020-01-06 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：以塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地的沙粒胶结体（Sand Cemented Bodies,SCB）为研究对象，通过野外自然状态下吹蚀不同沙粒胶结体覆盖度的沙盘，计算沙面风蚀（积）量，并对覆盖度与风蚀率、抗风蚀效率的关系进行分析。结果表明：风蚀量随沙粒胶结体覆盖度的增加而减小，随吹蚀时间的增加而增加；当覆盖度大于30%时，沙面发生风沙堆积，且堆积量随覆盖度和吹蚀时间的增加而增加；沙粒胶结体的抗风蚀效率随覆盖度的增加而线性增大。沙面蚀积转化临界覆盖度为30%左右，且该覆盖度下床面抗风蚀效益最佳。通过对比沙粒胶结体抗风蚀效益的风洞模拟和野外实验，表明风况、风速、沙粒胶结体粒径组合不同可导致沙面蚀积差异和临界覆盖度不同。因此，塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地发育的沙粒胶结体具有很好的风蚀抑制功能，可作为流沙固定新措施继续研究开发。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2019-01-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：新疆荒漠具有分布广泛、成因复杂、类型多样等特点。利用新疆数字地貌图结合Landsat卫星TM数据与GIS制图技术，通过长期野外调查结合有关资料编制荒漠类型图，获得荒漠类型面积数据，据此探讨荒漠分布规律、结构特征、形成演变，并提出利用和保护荒漠的建议。主要结果和结论如下：（1）新疆荒漠具有水平地带性分布与垂直地带性分布的规律及非地带性分布特点，荒漠多分布于干旱程度较高的南疆和东部吐鲁番及哈密地区，东部荒漠占新疆面积的45.86 %，占东部区域面积的91.77 %。（2）荒漠分布广，面积大，总面积达1 31.3 104 km2，占新疆面积的80.55 %。荒漠类型面积最大的是沙漠为42.7104 km2，占荒漠面积32.49 %，泥漠面积仅10 638.5104 km2，占0.81 %。（3）荒漠类型复杂多样，成因各异，有沙漠、砾漠、盐漠等11种类型，分别主要由气候、地貌、地表物质组成、人为作用等因素单独或共同作用所形成。（4）受自然环境变化与人为作用，荒漠类型之间、荒漠类型与其它地物之间可发生演变。（5）各种荒漠类型的要素特征不同，宜合理利用荒漠资源，划分荒漠环境退化敏感区，保护荒漠环境，针对不同荒漠类型采取适应保护措施，以保障区域可持续发展。
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