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  • Characterization of alpine meadow surface crack and its correlation with root-soil properties

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地质学 提交时间: 2024-06-21 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》

    摘要: Quantifying surface cracks in alpine meadows is a prerequisite and a key aspect in the study of grassland crack development. Crack characterization indices are crucial for the quantitative characterization of complex cracks, serving as vital factors in assessing the degree of cracking and the development morphology. So far, research on evaluating the degree of grassland degradation through crack characterization indices is rare, especially the quantitative analysis of the development of surface cracks in alpine meadows is relatively scarce. Therefore, based on the phenomenon of surface cracking during the degradation of alpine meadows in some regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we selected the alpine meadow in the Huangcheng Mongolian Township, Menyuan Hui Autonomous County, Qinghai Province, China as the study area, used unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sensing technology to acquire low-altitude images of alpine meadow surface cracks at different degrees of degradation (light, medium, and heavy degradation), and analyzed the representative metrics characterizing the degree of crack development by interpreting the crack length, length density, branch angle, and burrow (rat hole) distribution density and combining them with in situ crack width and depth measurements. Finally, the correlations between the crack characterization indices and the soil and root parameters of sample plots at different degrees of degradation in the study area were analyzed using the grey relation analysis. The results revealed that with the increase of degradation, the physical and chemical properties of soil and the mechanical properties of root-soil composite changed significantly, the vegetation coverage reduced, and the root system aggregated in the surface layer of alpine meadow. As the degree of degradation increased, the fracture morphology developed from "linear" to "dendritic", and eventually to a complex and irregular "polygonal" pattern. The crack length, width, depth, and length density were identified as the crack characterization indices via analysis of variance. The results of grey relation analysis also revealed that the crack length, width, depth, and length density were all highly correlated with root length density, and as the degradation of alpine meadows intensified, the underground biomass increased dramatically, forming a dense layer of grass felt, which has a significant impact on the formation and expansion of cracks.

  • Impact of climate change and human activities on the spatiotemporal dynamics of surface water area in Gansu Province, China

    分类: 地球科学 >> 水文学 提交时间: 2024-06-21 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》

    摘要: Understanding the dynamics of surface water area and their drivers is crucial for human survival and ecosystem stability in inland arid and semi-arid areas. This study took Gansu Province, China, a typical area with complex terrain and variable climate, as the research subject. Based on Google Earth Engine, we used Landsat data and the Open-surface Water Detection Method with Enhanced Impurity Control method to monitor the spatiotemporal dynamics of surface water area in Gansu Province from 1985 to 2022, and quantitatively analyzed the main causes of regional differences in surface water area. The findings revealed that surface water area in Gansu Province expanded by 406.88 km2 from 1985 to 2022. Seasonal surface water area exhibited significant fluctuations, while permanent surface water area showed a steady increase. Notably, terrestrial water storage exhibited a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, correlated with the dynamics of surface water area. Climate change and human activities jointly affected surface hydrological processes, with the impact of climate change being slightly higher than that of human activities. Spatially, climate change affected the 'source' of surface water to a greater extent, while human activities tended to affect the 'destination' of surface water. Challenges of surface water resources faced by inland arid and semi-arid areas like Gansu Province are multifaceted. Therefore, we summarized the surface hydrology patterns typical in inland arid and semi-arid areas and tailored surface water 'supply-demand' balance strategies. The study not only sheds light on the dynamics of surface water area in Gansu Province, but also offers valuable insights for ecological protection and surface water resource management in inland arid and semi-arid areas facing water scarcity.

  • Influence of vapor pressure deficit on vegetation growth in China

    分类: 地球科学 >> 大气科学 提交时间: 2024-06-21 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》

    摘要: Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) plays a crucial role in determining plant physiological functions and exerts a substantial influence on vegetation, second only to carbon dioxide (CO2). As a robust indicator of atmospheric water demand, VPD has implications for global water resources, and its significance extends to the structure and functioning of ecosystems. However, the influence of VPD on vegetation growth under climate change remains unclear in China. This study employed empirical equations to estimate the VPD in China from 2000 to 2020 based on meteorological reanalysis data of the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) Time-Series version 4.06 (TS4.06) and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis 5 (ERA-5). Vegetation growth status was characterized using three vegetation indices, namely gross primary productivity (GPP), leaf area index (LAI), and near-infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRv). The spatiotemporal dynamics of VPD and vegetation indices were analyzed using the Theil-Sen median trend analysis and Mann-Kendall test. Furthermore, the influence of VPD on vegetation growth and its relative contribution were assessed using a multiple linear regression model. The results indicated an overall negative correlation between VPD and vegetation indices. Three VPD intervals for the correlations between VPD and vegetation indices were identified: a significant positive correlation at VPD below 4.820 hPa, a significant negative correlation at VPD within 4.820–9.000 hPa, and a notable weakening of negative correlation at VPD above 9.000 hPa. VPD exhibited a pronounced negative impact on vegetation growth, surpassing those of temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation in absolute magnitude. CO2 contributed most positively to vegetation growth, with VPD offsetting approximately 30.00% of the positive effect of CO2. As the rise of VPD decelerated, its relative contribution to vegetation growth diminished. Additionally, the intensification of spatial variations in temperature and precipitation accentuated the spatial heterogeneity in the impact of VPD on vegetation growth in China. This research provides a theoretical foundation for addressing climate change in China, especially regarding the challenges posed by increasing VPD

  • Extreme drought with seasonal timing consistently promotes CH4 uptake through inconsistent pathways in a temperate grassland, China

    分类: 地球科学 >> 大气科学 提交时间: 2024-06-21 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》

    摘要: Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas that has a substantial impact on global warming due to its substantial influence on the greenhouse effect. Increasing extreme precipitation events, such as drought, attributable to global warming that caused by greenhouse gases, exert a profound impact on the intricate biological processes associated with CH4 uptake. Notably, the timing of extreme drought occurrence emerges as a pivotal factor influencing CH4 uptake, even when the degree of drought remains constant. However, it is still unclear how the growing season regulates the response of CH4 uptake to extreme drought. In an effort to bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted a field manipulative experiment to evaluate the impact of extreme drought on CH4 uptake during early, middle, and late growing stages in a temperate steppe of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. The result showed that all extreme drought consistently exerted positive effects on CH4 uptake regardless of seasonal timing. However, the magnitude of this effect varied depending on the timing of season, as evidenced by a stronger effect in early growing stage than in middle and late growing stages. Besides, the pathways of CH4 uptake were different from seasonal timing. Extreme drought affected soil physical-chemical properties and aboveground biomass (AGB), consequently leading to changes in CH4 uptake. The structural equation model showed that drought both in the early and middle growing stages enhanced CH4 uptake due to reduced soil water content (SWC), leading to a decrease in NO3–-N and an increase in pmoA abundance. However, drought in late growing stage primarily enhanced CH4 uptake only by decreasing SWC. Our results suggested that seasonal timing significantly contributed to regulate the impacts of extreme drought pathways and magnitudes on CH4 uptake. The findings can provide substantial implications for understanding how extreme droughts affect CH4 uptake and improve the prediction of potential ecological consequence under future climate change.

  • Assessment of rehabilitation strategies for lakes affected by anthropogenic and climatic changes: A case study of the Urmia Lake, Iran

    分类: 地球科学 >> 水文学 提交时间: 2024-06-21 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》

    摘要: Over the last three decades, more than half of the world's large lakes and wetlands have experienced significant shrinkage, primarily due to climate change and extensive water consumption for agriculture and other human needs. The desiccation of lakes leads to severe environmental, economic, and social repercussions. Urmia Lake, located in northwestern Iran and representing a vital natural ecosystem, has experienced a volume reduction of over 90.0%. Our research evaluated diverse water management strategies within the Urmia Lake basin and prospects of inter-basin water transfers. This study focused on strategies to safeguard the environmental water rights of the Urmia Lake by utilizing the modeling and simulating (MODSIM) model. The model simulated changes in the lake's water volume under various scenarios. These included diverting water from incoming rivers, cutting agricultural water use by 40.0%, releasing dam water in non-agricultural seasons, treated wastewater utilization, and inter-basin transfers. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was utilized to analyze the simulation results. Expert opinions with AHP analysis, acted as a multi-criteria decision-making tool to evaluate the simulation and determine the optimal water supply source priority for the Urmia Lake. Our findings underscore the critical importance of reducing agricultural water consumption as the foremost step in preserving the lake. Following this, inter-basin water transfers are suggested, with a detailed consideration of the inherent challenges and limitations faced by the source watersheds. It is imperative to conduct assessments on the impacts of these transfers on the downstream users and the potential environmental risks, advocating for a diplomatic and cooperative approach with adjacent country. This study also aims to forecast the volumes of water that can be transferred under different climatic conditions—drought, normal, and wet years—to inform strategic water management planning for the Urmia Lake. According to our projection, implementing the strategic scenarios outlined could significantly augment the lake's level and volume, potentially by 3.57×109–9.38×109 m3 over the coming 10 a and 3.57×109–10.70×109 m3 in the subsequent 15 a.

  • Comparison of isotope-based linear and Bayesian mixing models in determining moisture recycling ratio

    分类: 地球科学 >> 大气科学 提交时间: 2024-06-21 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》

    摘要: Stable water isotopes are natural tracers quantifying the contribution of moisture recycling to local precipitation, i.e., the moisture recycling ratio, but various isotope-based models usually lead to different results, which affects the accuracy of local moisture recycling. In this study, a total of 18 stations from four typical areas in China were selected to compare the performance of isotope-based linear and Bayesian mixing models and to determine local moisture recycling ratio. Among the three vapor sources including advection, transpiration, and surface evaporation, the advection vapor usually played a dominant role, and the contribution of surface evaporation was less than that of transpiration. When the abnormal values were ignored, the arithmetic averages of differences between isotope-based linear and the Bayesian mixing models were 0.9% for transpiration, 0.2% for surface evaporation, and –1.1% for advection, respectively, and the medians were 0.5%, 0.2%, and –0.8%, respectively. The importance of transpiration was slightly less for most cases when the Bayesian mixing model was applied, and the contribution of advection was relatively larger. The Bayesian mixing model was found to perform better in determining an efficient solution since linear model sometimes resulted in negative contribution ratios. Sensitivity test with two isotope scenarios indicated that the Bayesian model had a relatively low sensitivity to the changes in isotope input, and it was important to accurately estimate the isotopes in precipitation vapor. Generally, the Bayesian mixing model should be recommended instead of a linear model. The findings are useful for understanding the performance of isotope-based linear and Bayesian mixing models under various climate backgrounds.

  • 南非如何发展旅游业

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 分类: 生物学 >> 生态学 分类: 法学 >> 民商法学 分类: 管理学 >> 部门经济管理 分类: 其他 >> 综合 提交时间: 2024-06-19

    摘要: 目的/意义 南非是世界知名的“旅游天堂”。对南非如何发展旅游业进行专题研究,能够为我国提供有益借鉴。 方法/过程 本文主要基于国外研究资料,运用文献研究方法,对南非发展旅游业的经验进行了总结。 结果/结论 在发展旅游业上,南非主要有五方面成功经验:一是对旅游业高度重视,采取了包括制定《旅游法》、出台旅游业发展战略和规划、成立南非旅游部和南非旅游局等在内的一系列举措;二是积极提升软硬件设施;三是努力实现旅游产品的多样化;四是践行“负责任旅游”理念;五是大力发展国内旅游业。

  • 新疆叶尔羌河流域景观生态风险评价及预测

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 景观生态风险评价是衡量一定范围内生态系统安全的重要手段。以叶尔羌河流域为研究区,综合Markov-PLUS模型与景观生态风险评价指数,分析并预测土地利用与景观生态风险的演变特征及未来多情景下的变化趋势,划分风险重点管理区域。结果表明:(1)2005—2020年叶尔羌河流域耕地、水体与建设用地增加,林地、草地与未利用地减少。2035年1情景下土地利用遵循历史发展模式变化。相较于1情景,I情景下耕地增加,其他地类减少;皿情景下林地、草地与水体增加,耕地、建设用地与未利用地减少。(2)2005—2035年叶尔羌河流域景观生态风险整体呈上升趋势,空间分布呈“西南部低、东北部高”的特征。风险恶化区主要聚集在海拔较低的冲积平原,风险保持区主要分布在海拔较高的山地与冰川。(3)较I情景与情景而言,皿情景景观生态风险指数均值较小,是未来流域实现生态保护和经济发展双赢的最优情景。(4)叶尔羌河流域东北部冲积平原为稳定高风险区,冲积平原边缘与西部山地为风险易变区,南部山地与冰川为风险增加滞后区。研究结果可为当地景观生态安全格局优化与生态风险防范或降低提供参考。

  • 黄河源高寒退化草地典型鼠丘土壤风蚀及养分流失规律研究

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 黄河源高寒草地啮齿动物活动区存在大量鼠丘,在干燥、大风等气候影响下极易产生土壤风蚀,为阐明鼠丘土壤风蚀侵蚀特征与规律,本研究以黄河源流域不同海拔与植被覆盖度下14个试验区的高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠鼠丘为研究对象,采用野外模拟风力侵蚀试验装置,对不同风速下各区域鼠丘土壤流失量及其养分流失规律进行分析和讨论。结果表明:(1)鼠丘土壤风蚀量在各区域之间存在显著性差异(P高原鼢鼠鼠丘土壤流失量(P<0.05);风速从3 m·s-1增大到12 m·s-1,两种鼠丘的土壤流失的平均增幅分别为238.16%和146.31%。(2)各试验区鼠丘土壤风蚀率总体呈现先快后慢的递减趋势,植被盖度是低风速下影响鼠丘土壤流失的显著因子,且与海拔高度有关。(3)随草地退化程度加剧,土壤全氮含量、碱解氮、速效钾、有机质含量都有明显下降,而全磷、全钾、速效磷呈现上升的趋势。本研究表明黄河源不同区域鼠丘土壤风蚀作用的差异性与土壤含水率、颗粒大小、风速等密切相关。

  • 基于地理探测器的甘肃农牧交错带土地利用时空演化及其驱动机制

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 基于 RS、GIS 以及地理探测器,结合社会经济统计资料,对甘肃农牧交错带 2000—2020 年土地利用结构、动态度、利用程度和地类转移进行分析,并探究土地利用变化在不同时期的驱动因素。结果表明:(1)2000—2020年,甘肃农牧交错带以耕地、林地和草地为主要用地类型,三者总占比超过 95%,土地利用结构差异度均小于 0.01、结构总体趋于稳定,全域土地利用动态度总体呈先增加后放缓的趋势;(2)耕地、林地和草地的转化占研究区总体变化面积的 96%以上,各地类间转换活跃,LUCC 较集中分布于陇中黄土丘陵区和陇东黄土高原沟壑区;(3)在长时序土地利用变化情景下,地理探测器具有较好适用性,甘肃农牧交错带土地利用变化在不同时段驱动因子相异,其变化受社会经济因素和自然地理因素共同作用驱动(前者对土地利用变化解释度更强),各因子间交互作用均表现为双因子增强或非线性增强效应,双因子交互对土地利用变化的解释度强于单因子解释度。

  • 民勤黏土沙障-人工梭梭林物种多样性及土壤水分变化特征

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 以民勤荒漠区 6 种不同布设年限(1 a、5 a、10 a、20 a、40 a、60 a)黏土沙障-人工梭梭林样地和流动沙地(对照)为研究对象,对其物种构成、重要值、优势种群特征、物种多样性和土壤水分含量进行调查,探究长时间尺度黏土沙障-人工梭梭林构建对区域植物群落结构、物种多样性和土壤水分的影响。结果表明:民勤荒漠区黏土沙障-人工梭梭林调查样地共记录到植物 6 科 12 属 12 种,以藜科、蒺藜科为主。人工防沙体系的构建能够显著提升区域植物物种数量(从 4 种增加到 5~8 种),且随着布设年限的延长,优势种由沙米(Agriophyllum squarrosum)、梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)逐步向雾冰藜(Grubovia dasyphylla)、猪毛菜(Kali collinum)、黄花矶松(Limonium aureum)、梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)优势种演变,生活型也从以一年生草本为主的单一型向一年生草本+多年生草本+灌木的复合型发生演变。物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener 指数、Simpson 指数、Pielou 指数和 Alatalo 指数总体呈现出单峰型变化趋势,以布设 20 a 时物种数最多,物种分布最均匀,对照沙地物种数最少,物种分布均匀度最差。不同样地植物群落的 Jaccard 指数表现为:对照沙地与布设 1 a 样地>布设 20 a 与布设 40 a 样地>布设 1 a 与布设 5 a 样地>布设 10 a 与布设 20 a 样地>布设 40 a 与布设 60 a 样地>布设 5 a 与布设 10 a 样地,相异性指数与 Cody指数则表现相反。区域土壤含水率波动态势与植物群落演替趋势保持一致,且相较于较深层土壤(40~60 cm),浅层土壤(10~30 cm)对区域植物自然演替进程所起到的作用更为明显。

  • 内蒙古植被覆盖时空变化特征及其对人类活动的响应

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 基于 2000—2022 年 MOD13A1 NDVI 数据计算内蒙古年最大植被覆盖度(FVC),了解内蒙古 FVC 时空分布状况及变化趋势,结合夜间灯光(NTL)和地表覆被数据,采用逐像元相关分析方法探究 FVC 对人类活动的响应模式。结果表明:(1)内蒙古 FVC 空间分布总体表现为由东北至西南逐渐减小的趋势,FVC 以改善为主,增速为0.0039·a -1,大部分区域 FVC 变化表现为基本稳定(64.02%)和明显增加(31.64%),所有盟市年均 FVC 增长量均为正值;(2)FVC 变化趋势主要表现为不显著变化,占比依次为:不显著变化(65.62%)、显著增加(17.36%)、极显著增加(13.43%)、显著减少(3.27%)和极显著减少(0.32%),显著减少和极显著减少的区域与新增建设用地在空间分布上存在较高的一致性;(3)在人类活动空间范围,内蒙古大部分区域(79.67%)人类活动不会对 FVC 变化产生显著影响,12.80%的区域人类活动对 FVC 变化起着积极作用,地表覆被主要为城区周边的草地和耕地区域,只有 7.53%的区域人类活动对 FVC 变化起着消极作用,主要分布在地表覆被为耕地、由耕地转为建设用地和新增工矿用地区域。

  • 黄土高原不同土地利用类型区浅层滑坡 侵蚀特征分析 ——以蔡家川滑坡事件为例

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 近年来,黄土高原极端暴雨引发的滑坡、泥流等剧烈水土流失引起了广泛关注。2021年10月3—6日,山西省吉县蔡家川一带强降雨诱发了大面积浅层滑坡灾害。本文利用灾前灾后无人机影像和遥感图像、降雨数据及现场调查数据,对本次降雨过程、浅层滑坡起动条件和侵蚀特征进行了分析。结果表明:本次降雨为典型的“长历时、低雨强”类型,滑坡发生前的前期降雨历时达72h,累积雨量达121.8mm,滑坡集中发生时段的雨强达33.2mm·(6) -1。与“短历时、高雨强”暴雨激发的滑坡相比,滑坡流动性相对较高。前期降雨是影响群发性滑坡灾害发生与流动性的重要因素。不同土地利用类型区滑坡起动地形条件差异显著, 所需坡度与汇水面积均表现为:封禁林区>人工林区>农地区;地层岩性的渗透性也影响着浅层滑坡的起动,:相同降雨量条件下,渗透性更好的林区发生浅层滑坡需要更高的面积坡度阈值。不同土地利用类型区,滑坡点密度、面密度与侵蚀强度的大小均表现为:农地区>人工林区>封禁林区,说明土地利用类型会在一定程度上影响滑坡的侵蚀程度,以乔木为主的林区更不利于滑坡发生。

  • 基于EMD-GWO-LSTM模型的新疆标准化降水蒸散指数预测方法研究

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 干旱预测一直是干旱研究领域的重大挑战,提高干旱预测的准确性是解决干旱问题的关键。基于1961—2019年新疆34个气象站点月降水和月平均气温数据,计算得到标准化降水蒸散指数(Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index,SPEI),对新疆气象干湿变化进行分析,提出一种经验模态分解方法(empirical mode decomposition, EMD)-灰狼优化算法(grey wolf optimizer,GWO)-长短期神经网络(long short-term memory network,LSTM)的数据分解型干旱组合预测模型进行预测,并进行模型性能评价。结果表明:(1)干旱周期性变化整体呈现平稳且周期长的特点;(2)EMD能够有效优化数据的平稳性,GWO优化预测模型参数,组合模型的预测精度相较于单一预测模型有明显提高;(3)4个预测模型结果精度由高到低的排序为:EMD-GWO-LSTM、GWO-LSTM、GWO-支持向量回归(Support Vactor Regression,SVR)、LSTM,拟合优度分别为0.972、0.939、0.862、0.830,EMD-GWO-LSTM组合预测模型的预测精度优于其余3个预测模型。EMD-GWO-LSTM组合模型可有效提高气象干旱的预测精度,为新疆地区气象干旱预报及抗旱减灾工作提供了新的方法手段。

  • 黑河中游绿洲边缘三种景观类型土壤水分动态特征及影响因素

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 土壤水分对干旱区旱生植物的生长发育必不可少,决定了旱生植物群落的演替动态和方向。探究黑河中游绿洲边缘不同景观类型的土壤水分动态特征,制定切实有效、科学合理的防风固沙措施,对于阻止荒漠化进程显得尤为重要。本文以黑河中游绿洲边缘的防护林、荒漠-绿洲过渡带和荒漠三种景观类型为研究对象,采用HYDRUS-2D模型模拟、LSD分析法、Pearson相关性分析等方法,研究三种不同景观类型土壤水分动态特征及影响因素。结果表明:(1)土壤体积含水量的RMSE为0.002~0.006 cm3·cm-3,MRE为4.22%~5.20%,R2为0.725~0.967,模拟结果与实测数据具有较高的吻合度,HYDRUS-2D模型可用于本研究区土壤水分动态的模拟研究。(2)防护林和荒漠-绿洲过渡带景观的土壤体积含水量随土层深度增加呈现出先增大后减小的变化趋势,荒漠景观则呈现出先减小后增大的变化趋势。(3)有效降水对土壤体积含水量动态变化起决定性作用,9.5 mm以上的降水量可以在短期内显著提高土壤水分含量和入渗深度,荒漠景观降水后的各时段土壤水分入渗深度高于防护林景观和荒漠-绿洲过渡带景观。(4)三种景观类型的土壤体积含水量与降水、蒸散发、容重、土壤颗粒组成、土壤持水性能等因素有关,且表现出不同程度的显著相关(P<0.01),其中,降水、黏粉粒含量与土壤体积含水量呈显著正相关,容重、砂粒含量与土壤体积含水量呈显著负相关性。因此,研究区栽植防风固沙灌木可以增加土壤黏粉粒含量,提高土壤收集利用雨水的能力,减缓入渗作用的进程,从而对土壤持水性能产生积极影响。

  • 宁夏盐池县生态系统水分利用效率时空特征及其影响因素

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 水分利用效率(WUE)是衡量植物光合固碳和水分消耗之间权衡关系的重要指标。研究区域植被WUE的时空变化特征对区域生态恢复、水资源的合理利用与开发等方面至关重要。本研究基于MODIS数据的GPP和ET数据评估2000—2019年盐池县植被WUE的时空变化特征及其主要的影响因子。结果表明:(1)2000—2019年盐池县的ET和GPP分别以7.61mm·a-1和7.23gC·m-2·a-1的速率显著增加,空间上呈西北高东南低的分布特征,具有较强的空间异质性。(2)近20a,盐池县植被WUE变化范围在0.80~1.11gC·kg-1·H2O之间,多年均值为0.91gC·kg-1·H2O,年际变化不显著;从空间上来看,全县WUE存在较强的异质性,高值主要分布在东北部,低值位于西南部。(3)近20a,宁夏盐池县WUE在空间上有54.70%的区域呈上升趋势,主要分布在东北部;45.30%的区域以下降趋势为主。未来,盐池县61.48%区域的植被WUE变化趋势具有较强的同向持续性;而38.52%的区域将会发生逆转。(4)在不同研究时段,各土地利用类型的WUE均表现为:林地>耕地>草地。(5)在年际尺度上,植被WUE与GPP呈显著正相关关系,而与ET不相关;GPP的变化主要与ET、NDVI和降水呈显著正相关关系。这表明盐池县植被恢复在增强植被生产力的同时,也加剧了区域水分消耗,为盐池未来生态植被重建和水资源的合理开发提供了科学依据。

  • 伊犁河上游流域3种日尺度降水产品性能评估

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 伊犁河上游喇叭口地形条件导致其降水空间分布极不均匀,有限的地面观测站点难以真实反映日降水时空变化,因此,有必要评估不同降水产品在伊犁河上游的适用性。选用7种统计指标与广义三角帽法分别对3种降水产品(GPM、ERA5、CHIRPS)在伊犁河上游地区的精度与不确定性进行评估。结果表明:(1)ERA5的相关性、探测率、错报率最高,其估计的中雨与大雨降水量最准确;GPM的均方根误差最小,探测率、错报率最低;CHIRPS的相对偏差与平均误差最小,其探测率、错报率均介于GPM与ERA5之间,其估计的小雨降水量最准确;3种降水产品估 计的暴雨降水量精度均不高,但ERA5要好于GPM与CHIRPS。(2)ERA5的日降水量不确定性介于GPM与CHIRPS之间,信噪比最大;GPM的日降水量不确定性最小,信噪比介于ERA5与CHIRPS之间;CHIRPS的日降水量不确定性最大,信噪比最小。(3)ERA5的日降水质量好于GPM与CHIRPS,可用于伊犁河上游地区降水特征分析;GPM的日降水量不确定性最小,通过系统校正提升其质量的可能性最大。研究成果可为伊犁河上游流域水文模拟与水资源变化分析提供支撑。

  • 乌兰布和沙漠风沙入黄段植被覆盖动态变化特征及驱动力

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 基于2001—2021年Landsat影像数据,结合归一化植被指数(NDVI)和像元二分模型估算植被覆盖度,探究乌兰布和沙漠风沙入黄段植被覆盖度时空变化趋势及驱动力,以期为乌兰布和沙漠风沙入黄段植被恢复和未来生态建设重点区域的选择提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)研究区植被覆盖度整体呈波动上升趋势,植被恢复状况良好,平均植被覆盖度由0.294增加至0.526,其中,2007—2017年增幅最为明显。(2)2001—2021年乌兰布和沙漠风沙入黄段不同等级植被覆盖度间转移频繁,其中,低植被覆盖和较低植被覆盖大面积转出为中等植被覆盖和较高植被覆盖,其转出面积分别为102.00 km2和128.82 km2。除此之外,研究区内有42.1%的区域呈显著增加趋势,4.90%的区域趋向于显著减少,多分布于近乌海段,该段应是未来生态修复中重点关注区域。(3)该区植被覆盖空间分异性主要受人类活动和气候因子共同驱动,各驱动因子之间的交互作用以双因子增强为主,其中,影响程度最高的关键性交互因子为土地利用类型和年平均气温。本研究有序分段地探究乌兰布和沙漠风沙入黄段植被覆盖度动态变化特征及驱动力,为研究区荒漠化防治、土地合理利用和高质量发展提供理论和数据支撑。

  • 内蒙古黄河流域1990—2020年生境质量评估

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 内蒙古黄河流域是中国重要的生态区域,探究其生境质量变化能够为区域生态环境保护提供重要基础信息。本研究基于1990—2020年土地利用/覆盖数据,采用InVEST模型和地理探测器分析方法,揭示内蒙古黄河流域生境质量时空格局及其驱动力。结果表明:(1)内蒙古黄河流域生境质量总体呈现北低南高的空间分布格局,具有显著的空间聚集性。生境质量等级为低的区域面积占比为23.50%,主要分布在库布齐沙漠以及研究区东南部;(2)1990—2020年,研究区生境质量呈现先降低后小幅回升的变化趋势。生境质量退化的区域面积占比为11.97%,主要集中在研究区北部和黄河两岸附近,是耕地扩张和沙地分布区域;(3)地形、植被和土壤类型等自然因子是生境质量空间分异特征的主要驱动因子,任意两种进行交互探测的因子对生境质量空间分异的解释力都要大于其单一因子的解释力。建议未来生态治理和恢复工作应重点关注研究区北部生境质量发生退化的区域,研究结果可为区域生物多样性的保护和生态环境的恢复提供借鉴和参考。

  • 兰州市南北两山土壤水分遥感反演及植被需水量估算

    分类: 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间: 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》

    摘要: 探究西北干旱区土壤水分和植被需水量动态变化特征,可为生态恢复不同阶段所需水资源量及水资源优化配置提供科学依据。基于此,以兰州市南北两山为研究区,Sentinel-2 L2A和Landsat8 OLI遥感影像,结合实测土壤0~10 cm的111个数据,分别构建垂直干旱指数(Perpendicular Drought Index,PDI)、改进型垂直干旱指数(Modified Perpendicular Drought Index,MPDI)和植被调整垂直干旱指数(Vegetation-adjusted Perpendicular Drought Index,VAPDI)土壤水分反演模型,并采用4种模型指标定量决定系数(R2)、平均绝对误差(MAE)、平均相对误差(MRE)、均方根误差(RMSE)对模型反演的效果进行精度评价,选出最优的土壤水分反演模型并结合土壤水分限制系数,与研究区2019年林地、草地和耕地植被面积的空间数据、各站点生长季内的参考作物蒸散量,最后构建植被生态需水量模型,厘清研究区内土壤水分、植被需水量时空变化特征,结果表明:(1)2种数据源下的 PDI、MPDI、VAPDI 和实测数据之间均有着不同程度线性负相关性,其中R2分别为0.37、0.64和0.59,从评价指标的结果来看,MPDI的土壤水分回归模型的拟合决定系数最高,两种遥感数据反演的土壤水分空间分布格局具有一致性。(2)分辨率高的Sentinel-2 L2A土壤水分反演更加精细,土壤水分整体呈波动增长趋势,多时段土壤水分的平均值为23.27%,呈现出降低再增加然后下降,总体增幅为74.07%。(3)兰州市南北两山4—10月植被需水量月均值呈现增加然后下降,与土壤水分含量变化具有一致性,4—10月中7月植被需水量值最大,为3.98×107 m3,10月植被生态需水量最小,为0.97×107 m3,出现在10月。随着环境绿化工程的实施,兰州市南北两山从只能生长耐旱草本和低矮灌木的植物,逐步形成以多种类结合的群落结构。本研究可为兰州市南北两山土壤水资源合理利用及植被恢复提供参考。