分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 耕地利用集约度是提高粮食产量、缓解人地矛盾，实现农业可持续发展的重要保障。本文基于高空间分辨率遥感影像获取的耕地数据，采用综合指标评价模型，探究了2000—2020年“一江两河”地区耕地的集约利用变化及驱动机制。结果表明：（1）近20 a来“一江两河”地区耕地利用集约度有所提升，但总体水平偏低。2020年耕地利用集约度较2000年提高了38.2%，这一提升主要归因于农资投入、技术投入和开发利用水平的增加。（2）各区县间耕地利用集约度变化差异大，在空间上呈现出高集约度区域由东部向西部迁移且范围扩大的变化特征，东西区域间耕地利用集约度差异缩小，低集约度的区县数量减少。（3）灌溉指数、耕地面积比重和耕地质量对“一江两河”耕地利用集约度的独立影响最显著，社会经济因素、农业科技因素和政策环境因素与耕地资源禀赋交互作用下对耕地利用集约度的影响程度增大。基于上述结果，提出以下政策建议：应持续推进“一江两河”地区农业科技创新，重点关注区域差异，实现高集约度地区可持续发展，低集约度地区全要素投入，同时充分发挥农业政策和经济的协同作用，协调促进“一江两河”地区耕地利用集约度提升。
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 为探究不同生境和基质对经过牛消化道的新疆野苹果（Malus sieversii）种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响，根据种子经过牛消化道在野外沉积的不同生境和不同基质，设置3个生境（林缘、林隙、林下）和4种处理［W（经过消化道种子+完整粪便）、P（经过消化道种子 + 破碎粪便）、T（经过消化道种子+土壤）和对照C（未经过消化道种子+土壤）］进行野外控制性试验。结果显示，不同生境和不同处理间新疆野苹果种子萌发率、幼苗存活率和幼苗生物量均有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。在林缘生境中，土壤基质的种子萌发率高于粪便基质，而在林隙和林下生境中则相反。林缘和林隙生境下的幼苗存活率显著高于林下。在相同处理下，幼苗生物量表现为林缘＞林隙＞林下；在相同生境下，林缘和林隙生境的幼苗生物量表现为粪便基质＞土壤基质。生境和基质的异质性是影响经过牛消化道的新疆野苹果种子在野外萌发和初期幼苗建成的主要原因。
分类： 地球科学 >> 大气科学 提交时间： 2024-06-21 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas that has a substantial impact on global warming due to its substantial influence on the greenhouse effect. Increasing extreme precipitation events, such as drought, attributable to global warming that caused by greenhouse gases, exert a profound impact on the intricate biological processes associated with CH4 uptake. Notably, the timing of extreme drought occurrence emerges as a pivotal factor influencing CH4 uptake, even when the degree of drought remains constant. However, it is still unclear how the growing season regulates the response of CH4 uptake to extreme drought. In an effort to bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted a field manipulative experiment to evaluate the impact of extreme drought on CH4 uptake during early, middle, and late growing stages in a temperate steppe of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. The result showed that all extreme drought consistently exerted positive effects on CH4 uptake regardless of seasonal timing. However, the magnitude of this effect varied depending on the timing of season, as evidenced by a stronger effect in early growing stage than in middle and late growing stages. Besides, the pathways of CH4 uptake were different from seasonal timing. Extreme drought affected soil physical-chemical properties and aboveground biomass (AGB), consequently leading to changes in CH4 uptake. The structural equation model showed that drought both in the early and middle growing stages enhanced CH4 uptake due to reduced soil water content (SWC), leading to a decrease in NO3–-N and an increase in pmoA abundance. However, drought in late growing stage primarily enhanced CH4 uptake only by decreasing SWC. Our results suggested that seasonal timing significantly contributed to regulate the impacts of extreme drought pathways and magnitudes on CH4 uptake. The findings can provide substantial implications for understanding how extreme droughts affect CH4 uptake and improve the prediction of potential ecological consequence under future climate change.
分类： 地球科学 >> 水文学 提交时间： 2024-06-21 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Over the last three decades, more than half of the world's large lakes and wetlands have experienced significant shrinkage, primarily due to climate change and extensive water consumption for agriculture and other human needs. The desiccation of lakes leads to severe environmental, economic, and social repercussions. Urmia Lake, located in northwestern Iran and representing a vital natural ecosystem, has experienced a volume reduction of over 90.0%. Our research evaluated diverse water management strategies within the Urmia Lake basin and prospects of inter-basin water transfers. This study focused on strategies to safeguard the environmental water rights of the Urmia Lake by utilizing the modeling and simulating (MODSIM) model. The model simulated changes in the lake's water volume under various scenarios. These included diverting water from incoming rivers, cutting agricultural water use by 40.0%, releasing dam water in non-agricultural seasons, treated wastewater utilization, and inter-basin transfers. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was utilized to analyze the simulation results. Expert opinions with AHP analysis, acted as a multi-criteria decision-making tool to evaluate the simulation and determine the optimal water supply source priority for the Urmia Lake. Our findings underscore the critical importance of reducing agricultural water consumption as the foremost step in preserving the lake. Following this, inter-basin water transfers are suggested, with a detailed consideration of the inherent challenges and limitations faced by the source watersheds. It is imperative to conduct assessments on the impacts of these transfers on the downstream users and the potential environmental risks, advocating for a diplomatic and cooperative approach with adjacent country. This study also aims to forecast the volumes of water that can be transferred under different climatic conditions—drought, normal, and wet years—to inform strategic water management planning for the Urmia Lake. According to our projection, implementing the strategic scenarios outlined could significantly augment the lake's level and volume, potentially by 3.57×109–9.38×109 m3 over the coming 10 a and 3.57×109–10.70×109 m3 in the subsequent 15 a.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 为明析覆膜滴灌条件下水盐氮调控对土壤水盐养分运移变化、棉花生长指标及产量的影响，通过两年三因素全组合大田试验，设置灌水量三水平（W1：2700 m3 ·hm-2、W2：3600 m3·hm-2和W3：4500 m3·hm-2）、含盐量三水平（S1：3 dS·m-1、S2：6 dS·m-1和S3：9 dS·m-1）、施氮量三水平（F1：105 kg·hm-2、F2：210 kg·hm-2和F3：315 kg·hm-2），研究了不同水盐氮组合对土壤水分、盐分、氮素分布及植株生长、产量的影响。结果表明：土壤水分主要聚集在30~40 cm 土层，不同土层深度的含水率基本呈先增大后减小的变化趋势；蕾期和花铃期的 S3F3W1 和 S2F3W1 比S1F3W1的0~40 cm土层平均含水率增大1.3%~21.8%；同一灌溉量下S1F3组合的平均含水率比S1F2和S1F1增大1.39%~13.83%。土壤盐分生育期内呈现先减少后增加的变化趋势；S1土壤盐分随施氮量的增大而先增大后减小，S2、S3土壤盐分随施氮量的增加而减少。W2、W3处理中，氮素在40~60 cm土层中缓慢积聚；S1处理的氮素含量明显高于S2、S3。土壤水分、盐分、氮素含量交互影响，在适宜的土壤水分、氮素条件下，较低的土壤含盐量，能使植株更好地利用养分，利于植株的生长进而促进产量的形成。为获得较高的经济效益，低、中盐土壤推荐灌溉量为3600 m3·hm-2，施氮量为210 kg·hm-2；高盐土壤推荐灌溉量为4500 m3·hm-2，施氮量为315 kg·hm-2。研究为探索干旱区多年膜下滴灌棉花农田生态系统水盐养分运移机制及水肥高效利用提供科学的理论依据。
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 生态网络的构建与优化是遏制景观破碎化和保障区域生态安全的有效途径。以兰西城市群为研究区，以适应性循环理论为基础，耦合粒度反推法与形态学空间格局分析（Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis，MSPA）识别生态源地，组建“潜力-连通度-韧性”综合生态阻力面，运用电路理论判别生态廊道和关键生态节点，构建生态网络并提出优化对策。结果表明：研究区生态源地空间分布不均且破碎化，总面积4147.84 km2；阻力整体表现为西高东低，并呈以主城为中心向四周递减的趋势；提取生态廊道40条，主要分布在研究区中部，总长度2278.59 km；提取生态夹点24处，多分布在主要河流廊道和生态源地间；判别生态障碍点25处，多位于生态廊道上；生态网络结构指数α、β和γ分别为0.60、2.00和0.74，通过增设12处踏脚石斑块，α、β和γ指数分别提高18.33%、14.00%和9.46%。研究结果可以为兰西城市群国土空间开发及生态安全维护提供参考。
分类： 地球科学 >> 大气科学 提交时间： 2024-06-21 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Stable water isotopes are natural tracers quantifying the contribution of moisture recycling to local precipitation, i.e., the moisture recycling ratio, but various isotope-based models usually lead to different results, which affects the accuracy of local moisture recycling. In this study, a total of 18 stations from four typical areas in China were selected to compare the performance of isotope-based linear and Bayesian mixing models and to determine local moisture recycling ratio. Among the three vapor sources including advection, transpiration, and surface evaporation, the advection vapor usually played a dominant role, and the contribution of surface evaporation was less than that of transpiration. When the abnormal values were ignored, the arithmetic averages of differences between isotope-based linear and the Bayesian mixing models were 0.9% for transpiration, 0.2% for surface evaporation, and –1.1% for advection, respectively, and the medians were 0.5%, 0.2%, and –0.8%, respectively. The importance of transpiration was slightly less for most cases when the Bayesian mixing model was applied, and the contribution of advection was relatively larger. The Bayesian mixing model was found to perform better in determining an efficient solution since linear model sometimes resulted in negative contribution ratios. Sensitivity test with two isotope scenarios indicated that the Bayesian model had a relatively low sensitivity to the changes in isotope input, and it was important to accurately estimate the isotopes in precipitation vapor. Generally, the Bayesian mixing model should be recommended instead of a linear model. The findings are useful for understanding the performance of isotope-based linear and Bayesian mixing models under various climate backgrounds.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 固沙植物种子萌发和幼苗生长是土地荒漠化治理的决定性环节，土壤水分是影响该环节的主要限制因 子。本研究通过室内盆栽实验，以花棒(Hedysarum scoparium)、柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii)和沙蒿(Artemisia desertorum)为研究对象，比较分析了不同水分梯度处理下(4%、6%、8%、10%、15%、20%和 25%)3 种固沙植物的种子 萌发特性与幼苗生长过程中的表型特征差异，探讨固沙植物种子萌发和幼苗生长对土壤水分变化的响应。结果表 明:(1)随着土壤水分的增加，3 种固沙植物的种子萌发特性均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。萌发率均随土壤水分的增 加表现出先增加后降低的趋势。其中，花棒在土壤水分为 15%、20%时萌发率最高，均为 83%;柠条锦鸡儿在土壤水 分为 10%时萌发率最高，为 73%;沙蒿种子萌发率在土壤水分为 15%时达到最大值 77.5%，随后慢慢降低，但变化不 显著。(2)3 种植物的叶面积和根长均随土壤水分的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势，比叶面积和根冠比呈现先降低 后增加的趋势。(3)花棒、柠条锦鸡儿、沙蒿幼苗分别在土壤水分为 10%、8%、20%时生物量最高，分别为 0.0733 g、 0.1142 g 和 0.0363 g，且地上生物量显著高于地下生物量(P<0.05)，但柠条锦鸡儿幼苗对地下生物量分配较花棒和 沙蒿更高。(4)3 种固沙植物的 SOD 活性、POD 活性、CAT 活性、Pro 含量、SS 含量以及 Chl 含量均随土壤水分的增加 呈先增高后降低的趋势，而 MDA 含量、膜透性以及相对含水量呈先降低后升高的趋势。基于以上结果，通过隶属函 数法分析得出 3 种固沙植物分别在土壤水分为 15%、8%和 8%时幼苗长势最好。因此，后续采用这 3 种固沙植物进 行植被恢复时，除考虑种子自身性状外，还应充分考虑由降雨条件引起的土壤水分的变化，以提高出苗率和幼苗生长的成功率。
分类： 地球科学 >> 大气科学 提交时间： 2024-06-21 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) plays a crucial role in determining plant physiological functions and exerts a substantial influence on vegetation, second only to carbon dioxide (CO2). As a robust indicator of atmospheric water demand, VPD has implications for global water resources, and its significance extends to the structure and functioning of ecosystems. However, the influence of VPD on vegetation growth under climate change remains unclear in China. This study employed empirical equations to estimate the VPD in China from 2000 to 2020 based on meteorological reanalysis data of the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) Time-Series version 4.06 (TS4.06) and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis 5 (ERA-5). Vegetation growth status was characterized using three vegetation indices, namely gross primary productivity (GPP), leaf area index (LAI), and near-infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRv). The spatiotemporal dynamics of VPD and vegetation indices were analyzed using the Theil-Sen median trend analysis and Mann-Kendall test. Furthermore, the influence of VPD on vegetation growth and its relative contribution were assessed using a multiple linear regression model. The results indicated an overall negative correlation between VPD and vegetation indices. Three VPD intervals for the correlations between VPD and vegetation indices were identified: a significant positive correlation at VPD below 4.820 hPa, a significant negative correlation at VPD within 4.820–9.000 hPa, and a notable weakening of negative correlation at VPD above 9.000 hPa. VPD exhibited a pronounced negative impact on vegetation growth, surpassing those of temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation in absolute magnitude. CO2 contributed most positively to vegetation growth, with VPD offsetting approximately 30.00% of the positive effect of CO2. As the rise of VPD decelerated, its relative contribution to vegetation growth diminished. Additionally, the intensification of spatial variations in temperature and precipitation accentuated the spatial heterogeneity in the impact of VPD on vegetation growth in China. This research provides a theoretical foundation for addressing climate change in China, especially regarding the challenges posed by increasing VPD
分类： 地球科学 >> 水文学 提交时间： 2024-06-21 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Understanding the dynamics of surface water area and their drivers is crucial for human survival and ecosystem stability in inland arid and semi-arid areas. This study took Gansu Province, China, a typical area with complex terrain and variable climate, as the research subject. Based on Google Earth Engine, we used Landsat data and the Open-surface Water Detection Method with Enhanced Impurity Control method to monitor the spatiotemporal dynamics of surface water area in Gansu Province from 1985 to 2022, and quantitatively analyzed the main causes of regional differences in surface water area. The findings revealed that surface water area in Gansu Province expanded by 406.88 km2 from 1985 to 2022. Seasonal surface water area exhibited significant fluctuations, while permanent surface water area showed a steady increase. Notably, terrestrial water storage exhibited a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, correlated with the dynamics of surface water area. Climate change and human activities jointly affected surface hydrological processes, with the impact of climate change being slightly higher than that of human activities. Spatially, climate change affected the 'source' of surface water to a greater extent, while human activities tended to affect the 'destination' of surface water. Challenges of surface water resources faced by inland arid and semi-arid areas like Gansu Province are multifaceted. Therefore, we summarized the surface hydrology patterns typical in inland arid and semi-arid areas and tailored surface water 'supply-demand' balance strategies. The study not only sheds light on the dynamics of surface water area in Gansu Province, but also offers valuable insights for ecological protection and surface water resource management in inland arid and semi-arid areas facing water scarcity.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 利用1961—2019年青海省42个气象站逐日最低气温，分析不同等级寒冷日数时空演变特征。结果表明：（1）1961—2019年青海省寒冷日数随着等级降低而逐渐增加，主要以微寒日数为主；总寒冷日数整体呈减少趋势，显著快速减少的突变发生在1995年；总寒冷日数减少主要是由酷寒日数的减少引起；1997年气候突变后严寒、大寒、小寒、轻寒、微寒和总寒冷日数变化趋势减少，酷寒日数变化趋势增多，极寒和凉日数变化趋势减少与增加分布相当。（2）青海省寒冷日数表现出明显的空间差异，总寒冷日数随着海拔升高逐渐增加，等级较高寒冷日数增减趋势较明显，随着寒冷等级的降低，增减趋势向低纬度和海拔相对较低的地区发展。（3）极寒、酷寒、严寒、轻寒、微寒和总寒冷日数随年平均气温升高而逐渐减少，大寒、小寒和凉日数随年平均气温升高而逐渐增加。（4）青海省除了严寒日数其余等级寒冷日数存在持续性，未来下降趋势将持续，但持续性强度不尽相同。
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 本研究基于InVEST模型，估算塔里木河流域长时间序列的碳储量，刻画并分析其时空变化特征，采用趋势分析、相关系数及波段集统计等方法，探讨气候变化与塔里木河流域碳储量整体的时空关联性，借助偏最小二乘法定量剖析塔里木河流域不同地形下碳储量的变化归因。结果表明：（1）2002—2020年塔里木河流域总体碳储量水平较低，整体呈“中部低，周边高”的马蹄形分布特征，整体情况呈向好趋势发展。（2）塔里木河流域碳储量与年均气温、潜在蒸散发量以及年均降水量均存在相反空间分布多于同向空间分布的特征，空间分异明显。（3）全局尺度下气候因素对碳储量的影响作用从大到小依次为潜在蒸散发量>年均气温>年均降水量。（4）潜在蒸散发量是塔里木河流域Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级地形位最具解释意义的变量，平均气温和平均降水量是Ⅱ、Ⅴ级地形位最具解释意义的变量。
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 针对新疆土壤盐分信息获取困难，无法快速、准确的大范围评估土壤盐渍化情况，本研究以新疆阿拉尔垦区的棉田为研究对象，利用Sentinel-2 SR和Landsat-9 OLI的多光谱遥感影像数据，采用穷举特征组合和交叉验证方法，从20个光谱指数和组合光谱指数构建的高维数据集中筛选出最优特征子集，并比较四种机器学习模型（即XGBoost、随机森林、深度神经网络和K-近邻）在不同特征组合下的土壤盐渍化反演精度，同时分析Sentinel-2 SR和Landsat-9 OLI遥感影像在土壤盐渍化反演中的精度差异。研究结果表明：（1） 基于XGBoost算法构建的模型能够实现棉田盐渍化高精度预测，不同特征组合的R2均高于0.74，MSE均低于0.04，MAPE低于0.13。（2） 在特征组合1条件下，Sentinel-2 SR（S3+GBNDVI）与Landsat-9 OLI（SI+NDVI）遥感影像使用XGBoost算法均获得了最高预测精度。（3） Sentinel-2 SR影像数据在棉田盐渍化预测中的精度（R2=0.73～0.88）优于Landsat-9 OLI影像数据。本研究实现了新疆阿拉尔垦区棉田土壤盐渍化精准监测，为垦区棉田土壤盐渍化治理和防治提供有效的技术参考。
分类： 地球科学 >> 地质学 提交时间： 2024-06-21 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Quantifying surface cracks in alpine meadows is a prerequisite and a key aspect in the study of grassland crack development. Crack characterization indices are crucial for the quantitative characterization of complex cracks, serving as vital factors in assessing the degree of cracking and the development morphology. So far, research on evaluating the degree of grassland degradation through crack characterization indices is rare, especially the quantitative analysis of the development of surface cracks in alpine meadows is relatively scarce. Therefore, based on the phenomenon of surface cracking during the degradation of alpine meadows in some regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we selected the alpine meadow in the Huangcheng Mongolian Township, Menyuan Hui Autonomous County, Qinghai Province, China as the study area, used unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sensing technology to acquire low-altitude images of alpine meadow surface cracks at different degrees of degradation (light, medium, and heavy degradation), and analyzed the representative metrics characterizing the degree of crack development by interpreting the crack length, length density, branch angle, and burrow (rat hole) distribution density and combining them with in situ crack width and depth measurements. Finally, the correlations between the crack characterization indices and the soil and root parameters of sample plots at different degrees of degradation in the study area were analyzed using the grey relation analysis. The results revealed that with the increase of degradation, the physical and chemical properties of soil and the mechanical properties of root-soil composite changed significantly, the vegetation coverage reduced, and the root system aggregated in the surface layer of alpine meadow. As the degree of degradation increased, the fracture morphology developed from "linear" to "dendritic", and eventually to a complex and irregular "polygonal" pattern. The crack length, width, depth, and length density were identified as the crack characterization indices via analysis of variance. The results of grey relation analysis also revealed that the crack length, width, depth, and length density were all highly correlated with root length density, and as the degradation of alpine meadows intensified, the underground biomass increased dramatically, forming a dense layer of grass felt, which has a significant impact on the formation and expansion of cracks.
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 研究黄土高原高速公路边坡不同年限喷播混合草种草本群落植被特征和物种多样性，探讨草本群落特征、物种多样性与土壤物理化学性质之间的关系。以空间代替时间方法，研究黄土高原高速公路边坡草本群落分别恢复15 a、12 a、8 a、4 a和2 a草本群落特征、α物种多样性及其与土壤物理化学性质Mantel检验相关性。边坡恢复15 a共调查到8科13属13种，恢复12 a共调查到7科10属10种，恢复8 a共调查到3科5属5种，恢复4 a共调查到3科5属5种，恢复2 a共调查到4科6属6种；Patric物种丰富度恢复15 a>12 a>8 a>2 a>4 a，Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数恢复15 a>12 a>2 a>8 a>4 a，Pielou均匀度指数恢复15 a>2 a>8 a>12 a>4 a；Patric物种丰富度与总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度、有机质、全氮、全磷呈显著正相关关系（P<0.05），Shannon-Wiener指数与有机质、全磷呈显著正相关关系（P<0.05）。边坡不同年限喷洒混合草种后，草本群落多为多年生草本植物组成，但群落物种组成、数量上存在差异；Patric物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener、Simpson指数随着恢复年限的增长呈上升趋势；土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、有机质、全氮、全磷等是Patric物种丰富度与Shannon-Wiener指数的关键环境因子。
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 新月形沙丘的移动特征可以揭示区域内风沙运移特征和地貌演化过程，对于科学开展区域内的风沙灾害防治具有重要意义。本文利用卫星遥感影像与气象再分析数据，研究了塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘6个新月形沙丘群2012—2022年的形态变化与移动特征。结果表明：（1）研究区域内新月形沙丘平均移动速率为6.86m·a-1，移动方向与对应区域内盛行风方向基本一致；（2）区域内新月形沙丘形态参数之间的关联性较为复杂；（3）沙丘高度、下垫面植被覆盖、年均降雨量以及地表温度与沙丘移动速率呈负相关关系，需进行分区拟合；（4）研究区域的年平均输沙通量为77120.5kg·m-1。研究结果反映了新月形沙丘移动规律的复杂性，不同地理环境因子的影响程度或存在显著差异，需要结合实地情况进行具体分析。同时，在沙丘演化过程中，形态参数的动态变化反映了沙丘迁移的内在机理，进一步为新月形沙丘的发育机理提供了实证数据，也为沙丘危害防治和土地规划提供了参考依据。
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 基于西北地区的152个气象台站和 CMIP6（Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6）的16个气候模式输出资料，采用RoMBC（Robust Multivariate Bias Correction）方法对CMIP6模式数据进行偏差校正，构建标准化降水蒸散发指数（Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index，SPEI），分析西北地区历史及未来4种情景下（SSP1-2.6、SSP2-4.5、SSP3-7.0、SSP5-8.5）的干旱时空分布及变化特征。结果表明：（1）历史和未来情景下西北地区气温和降水均呈显著增加趋势，增温速率为0.15~0.74 ℃·（10a）-1，降水增加速率为2.71~14.83 mm·（10a）-1；（2）历史（1975—2014年）西北地区年、季节尺度SPEI整体呈下降趋势，春季下降速率最大，为0.19·（10a）-1，年、春季、冬季大部分地 区干旱趋势加重，干旱频率轻中旱高于重特旱，东部干旱频率高于西部；（3）未来情景下（2020—2100年）SSP1-2.6情景有干旱趋势但无明显干旱特征，其余3种情景干旱次数增加、干旱趋势加重、干旱频率提高，SSP5-8.5情景下干旱最为明显。该研究通过气象数据和模式数据揭示了西北地区的干旱时空发展规律，可为西北地区干旱风险评估、水资源科学管理及农业生产提供依据。
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 水库对区域经济发展和人民生活都具有重要作用，近年来新疆极端降水频发，对水库安全影响较大，目前针对新疆水库降水的研究较少，不能有效为水资源利用和水库调度等提供科学参考。本文利用伊吾国家气象站1961—2022年逐日降水资料和2009—2022年逐小时降水资料，分析新疆哈密市伊吾县峡沟水库集水区不同时间尺度和不同等级降水的长期变化特征，结果表明：（1）1961—2022年汛期，峡沟水库集水区平均降水量呈弱增加趋势，最大连续无降水日数呈显著增加趋势；总降水日数和最大连续降水日数均呈显著减少趋势，降水量增加，降水日数显著减少，可能导致该区域的降水强度进一步增强。（2）汛期降水以小雨为主，过去62 a，该区域小雨和中雨的日数呈减少趋势，大雨和暴雨的日数呈增加趋势；暴雨雨量占汛期总降水量的比例最高接近50.0%，暴雨雨量增加是峡沟水库集水区汛期降水量增加的主要原因。（3）降水量日变化呈现随降水等级加强，大值时段逐渐前移的特征，即小雨的大值时段出现在下午，中雨在中午，大雨在上午，暴雨在早晨。除暴雨外，其他等级降水频次的高值时段均在白天。各等级降水平均降水强度的日变化曲线均呈多峰型，且差异较大；小雨和中雨的累计降水频次与累计降水量的关系比降水强度更密切，大雨和暴雨的平均降水强度与累计降水量的关系则比累计降水频次更密切。
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 为进一步恢复和重建蓄水工程建成前后土地利用变化的历史过程，更好掌握和预报土地利用转移方向，本文利用支持向量机理论开展了土地利用类型解译的适应性研究，通过梳理土地利用动态变化，剖析了蓄水工程建成前后土地利用结构的自适应调节能力和演变方向。结果表明：(1)依靠自学习和自适应等优势能力，支持向量机解译土地利用分类的总体精度高达91.7%、Kappa系数为0.90；除耕地生产者精度相对较低外，水体、林地等其他土地类型具有较高的分类识别能力。(2)利用谷歌地球引擎(GEE)平台梳理土地利用类型演变过程发现，受”三北防护林”工程二阶段(2001-2020年)等项目实施影响，建设用地，林地面积出现较大增幅，其中，林地面积较2000年实施初期增加了近5倍。(3)工程建设运行后林地和建设用地近2/3面积保持了原貌，水体和未利用土地受水利和城建工程影响，原貌类型超过65%以上面积变成了其他类型；“三北防护林”工程加快了林地面积的增加和草地植被覆盖度的提高，低覆盖度草地转移到中、高覆盖度草地的面积净增幅达48.0%、50.2%。
分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2024-06-12 合作期刊: 《干旱区研究》
摘要： 为研究黄河上游夏藏滩巨型滑坡分布区土体理化性质及力学强度特征，本研究通过在该滑坡体不同位置制取植物及土体试样，测定各采样点植物生长量指标、土体密度、含水率、含根量、抗剪强度指标以及营养元素含量等指标；在此基础上，通过采用Spearman相关性分析方法，探讨了该滑坡体不同位置植被类型、土体理化性质以及根-土复合体抗剪强度特征。结果表明：植物种类随海拔高度降低表现出增加趋势，其中优势草本植物为异针茅（Stipa aliena）、黄花棘豆（Oxytropis ochrocephala）、沙蒿（Artemisia desertorum）等3种；滑坡分布区土体pH值呈中性至碱性，有机质、全氮、全磷等3种营养元素含量在滑坡体后缘位置变化幅度相对较大，全钾、碱解氮等其余4种营养元素变化幅度较大但未表现出明显变化规律；土体含水率随海拔高度降低呈先增加后降低，土体密度呈增加的变化趋势，即随海拔降低增加幅度分别为7.05%和5.88%；根-土复合体粘聚力c值与含根量均表现出随海拔高度降低呈先增加后降低的变化趋势；此外，通过采用Spearman相关性分析得到，根-土复合体粘聚力c值与海拔高度之间呈负相关关系，而与含根量、有机质、含水率之间则呈正相关关系。研究结果对防治黄河上游龙羊峡至积石峡流域两岸边坡，水土流失、浅层滑坡等地质灾害现象具有实际指导意义。
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