Subjects: Geosciences >> Atmospheric Sciences submitted time 2024-08-14 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区科学》
Abstract: The characteristics of drought in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang), China have changed due to changes in the spatiotemporal patterns of temperature and precipitation, however, the effects of temperature and precipitation—the two most important factors influencing drought—have not yet been thoroughly explored in this region. In this study, we first calculated the standard precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) in Xinjiang from 1980 to 2020 based on the monthly precipitation and monthly average temperature. Then the spatiotemporal characteristics of temperature, precipitation, and drought in Xinjiang from 1980 to 2020 were analyzed using the Theil–Sen median trend analysis method and Mann–Kendall test. A series of SPEI-based scenario-setting experiments by combining the observed and detrended climatic factors were utilized to quantify the effects of individual climatic factor (i.e., temperature and precipitation). The results revealed that both temperature and precipitation had experienced increasing trends at most meteorological stations in Xinjiang from 1980 to 2020, especially the spring temperature and winter precipitation. Due to the influence of temperature, trends of intensifying drought have been observed at spring, summer, autumn, and annual scales. In addition, the drought trends in southern Xinjiang were more notable than those in northern Xinjiang. From 1980 to 2020, temperature trends exacerbated drought trends, but precipitation trends alleviated drought trends in Xinjiang. Most meteorological stations in Xinjiang exhibited temperature-dominated drought trend except in winter; in winter, most stations exhibited precipitation-dominated wetting trend. The findings of this study highlight the importance of the impact of temperature on drought in Xinjiang and deepen the understanding of the factors influencing drought.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Hydrology submitted time 2024-08-14 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区科学》
Abstract: Since the 1950s, numerous soil and water conservation measures have been implemented to control severe soil erosion in the Liuhe River Basin (LRB), China. While these measures have protected the upstream soil and water ecological environment, they have led to a sharp reduction in the downstream flow and the deterioration of the river ecological environment. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the impact of soil and water conservation measures on hydrological processes to assess long-term runoff changes. Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) models and sensitivity analyses based on the Budyko hypothesis, this study quantitatively evaluated the effects of climate change, direct water withdrawal, and soil and water conservation measures on runoff in the LRB during different periods, including different responses to runoff discharge, hydrological regime, and flood processes. The runoff series were divided into a baseline period (1956–1969) and two altered periods, i.e., period 1 (1970–1999) and period 2 (2000–2020). Human activities were the main cause of the decrease in runoff during the altered periods, contributing 86.03% (–29.61 mm), while the contribution of climate change was only 13.70% (–4.70 mm). The impact of climate change manifests as a decrease in flood volume caused by a reduction in precipitation during the flood season. Analysis of two flood cases indicated a 66.00%–84.00% reduction in basin runoff capacity due to soil and water conservation measures in the upstream area. Soil and water conservation measures reduced the peak flow and total flood volume in the upstream runoff area by 77.98% and 55.16%, respectively, even with nearly double the precipitation. The runoff coefficient in the reservoir area without soil and water conservation measures was 4.0 times that in the conservation area. These results contribute to the re-evaluation of soil and water conservation hydrological effects and provide important guidance for water resource planning and water conservation policy formulation in the LRB.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2024-08-13
Abstract: The traditional uniformity coefficient Cu cannot reflect the uniformity of gap-graded granular mixtures. This paper proposes a new index Cmu to quantify the uniformity of granular mixtures based on the study on their small-strain stiffness G0. The samples of granular mixtures with different fines content (FC) and particle size ratio (PSR) are prepared. The G0 values are determined by quasistatic drained triaxial tests on these samples. The Cmu values are calculated from the obtained G0 values and can be expressed as a function of FC and PSR. The rationality of the proposed Cmu is verified. The Cmu can be used to predict the G0 of granular mixtures when the mechanical coordination number (CNm), shear modulus of particles (Gp), confining stress (σ0) and Cmu are given.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geology submitted time 2024-08-02
Abstract: Desertification and drought have emerged as global ecological issues, which pose significant difficulties for plant adaptability and survival. Consequently, it is crucial to investigate the adaptation mechanisms of plants to drought stress to preserve and grow sustainably artificial ecosystems in desert regions. This study examined the physiological, biochemical, and morphological responses of Haloxylon ammodendron and Calligonum caput-medusae in the Taklimakan Desert shelterbelt by employing two treatments: irrigation (20-day irrigation cycle) (CK) and drought (D). The findings demonstrated that under drought stress, the assimilatory branches of both plants were noticeably shorter in terms of morphological traits. The branches of both were also significantly thinner. Regarding physiological reactions, there were no notable distinctions between the two in terms of the photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and the leaf dry mass during drought stress. Additionally, the carboxylation processes, metabolic reaction rates, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and photosynthetic enzyme contents of both did not exhibit any appreciable alterations under drought stress. However, both showed substantially reduced Fm and Fo values. The Fv/Fm values of H. ammodendron were noticeably greater, but those of C. caput-medusae did not change much. According to our study, H. ammodendron and C caput-medusae were able to adapt to drought by reducing the assimilate-branch growth, excitation capacity, and photosynthetic pigment activity, thereby preserving photosynthetic capacity. The photochemical system of C. caput-medusae was less vulnerable to damage due to a stable chlorophyll concentration.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2024-08-02
Abstract: A case study was conducted on the plain oasis in the Sangong River Basin of Xinjiang, China, to monitor and control soil salinity to improve the sustainable development of oases. Based on the climate, topography, vegetation, groundwater, and salinity of the soil survey data, many model methods, such as the Random Forest model, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, and Ordinary Kriging, were applied to estimate the inversion accuracy and the spatial distribution of soil salinity in the topsoil. The results revealed that the range of soil salinity values was 0.29–30.18 g·kg-1 and an average of 4.06 g·kg−1 for the sample sites. The value of the coefficients of variation was 149.73%, indicating a robust spatial variability. Among the four models, the Random Forest model showed a higher simulation precision compared to the others, with a coefficient of determination value of 0.73, a root-mean-square error value of 1.89, and an absolute mean error value of 1.49. The results of the Random Forest model inversion revealed that areas of higher soil salinity were concentrated in the northwest and the midbasin. Among the nine environmental covariates, elevation and groundwater salinity had a significant impact on the accuracy of identifying spatial distribution characteristics of soil salinity. In general, the Random Forest model as a machine learning method can not only avoid the smoothing effect and abrupt changes on both sides of the map boundary but also identify the local spatial distribution of soil salinity in the basin. The results of this study can provide technical and methodological applications for the long-term monitoring of soil salinization in arid areas.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Geosciences >> Hydrology submitted time 2024-07-31 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区科学》
Abstract: Understanding the distribution and dynamics of glaciers is of great significance to the management and allocation of regional water resources and socio-economic development in arid regions of Northwest China. In this study, based on 36 Landsat images, we extracted the glacier boundaries in the Manas River Basin, Northwest China from 2000 to 2020 using eCognition combined with band operation, GIS (geographic information system) spatial overlay techniques, and manual visual interpretation. We further analyzed the distribution and variation characteristics of glacier area, and simulated glacial runoff using a distributed degree-day model to explore the regulation of runoff recharge. The results showed that glacier area in the Manas River Basin as a whole showed a downward trend over the past 21 a, with a decrease of 10.86% and an average change rate of –0.54%/a. With the increase in glacier scale, the number of smaller glaciers decreased exponentially, and the number and area of larger glaciers were relatively stable. Glacier area showed a normal distribution trend of increasing first and then decreasing with elevation. About 97.92% of glaciers were distributed at 3700–4800 m, and 48.11% of glaciers were observed on the northern and northeastern slopes. The retreat rate of glaciers was the fastest (68.82%) at elevations below 3800 m. There was a clear rise in elevation at the end of glaciers. Glaciers at different slope directions showed a rapid melting trend from the western slope to the southern slope then to the northern slope. Glacial runoff in the basin showed a fluctuating upward trend in the past 21 a, with an increase rate of 0.03×108 m3/a. The average annual glacial runoff was 4.80×108 m3, of which 33.31% was distributed in the ablation season (June–September). The average annual contribution rate of glacial meltwater to river runoff was 35.40%, and glacial runoff accounted for 45.37% of the total runoff during the ablation season. In addition, precipitation and glacial runoff had complementary regulation patterns for river runoff. The findings can provide a scientific basis for water resource management in the Manas River Basin and other similar arid inland river basins.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-30 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract:物流企业的空间布局不仅可以改变现有的物流组织形式,对重塑地区的产业空间格局也会产生重大影响。基于2006—2022年乌鲁木齐市物流企业空间数据,在对乌鲁木齐市物流企业区位时空演变分析的基础上,运用地理探测器和多尺度地理加权回归进一步探究物流企业区位选择的影响因素及其空间异质性,并提出优化物流企业空间布局的发展策略。结果表明:(1)乌鲁木齐市物流企业存在集聚分布特征,呈现出由“一主轴、一核心”向“三主核、两副核”演变的空间格局。(2)乌鲁木齐市地区间物流企业发展存在显著的正向溢出效应。(3)物流企业区位选择的影响因素中,物流企业数解释力度的均值为66%、地区GDP为48%、人口密度为49%、物流园区距离为28%;其中物流企业数和物流园区距离是空间异质性因素且其系数在空间上变化较大,地区GDP是具有正向影响的全局变量,人口密度是具有负向影响的全局变量。研究结果不仅拓展了企业区位理论的研究,而且丰富了研究案例,同时可以为乌鲁木齐市进行物流产业规划和高质量建设丝绸之路经济带商贸物流中心提供理论依据和实践参考。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-30 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract:银川市作为黄河流域重要的水源涵养区及国家重点生态功能区,其生境质量关乎区域生态安全和可持续发展。然而,针对银川市生境质量及其影响因子仍需深入研究。基于2000、2010年和2020年3期土地利用数据,耦合InVEST和Geodetector模型估算银川市20 a间生境质量,对研究区生境质量空间分布特征及影响因子进行分析。结果表明:(1)2000、2010年和2020年银川市平均生境质量指数分别为0.337、0.332和0.322,生境质量指数较低且20 a间略有下降,生境质量整体呈“南北高、中部低”的空间分布特征。(2)银川市生境质量在空间上存在着较强的空间集聚效应,莫兰指数呈下降趋势,集聚程度逐渐下降。(3)高程和土地利用类型是银川市生境质量的主要影响因子。各影响因子交互作用都存在增强效应,对生境质量的影响力随之增强,且以双因子增强为主,其次为非线性增强,其中高程与各因子的交互作用最为显著。研究结果可为银川市生态保护与高质量、可持续发展提供科学依据和决策支持。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-30 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract:通过对农业面源污染、农业净碳汇等变量测算构建指标体系,采用超效率SBM 模型、Malmquist指数模型方法计算2011—2020年新疆14个行政区农业水资源绿色效率值及其分解指数值,绘制标准差椭圆并构建马尔科夫链概率矩阵分析其空间格局变化,并用Tobit模型分析其影响因素。结果表明:(1)新疆各地州研究期内农业水资源绿色效率均值为0.865;各地区农业水资源绿色效率水平、提升效果及速度存在明显差异。(2)研究期内重心坐标始终在巴音郭楞蒙古自治州和静县巴音布鲁克镇内移动,先向东北移动后西南最终又向东北方向折回;较低、较高、高效率类型地区之间具有相互转移或跨类型转移的概率,低效率地区难以快速或跨类型增长。(3)经济发展水平、农业经济、供水结构对农业水资源绿色效率有显著的正向影响,资源禀赋与节水设施对农业水资源效率有显著的负向影响。研究结果对新疆农业水资源可持续利用、建设绿色高效农业具有重要的现实意义。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-30 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract:现有由行政单元主导的碎片化遗产保护体系忽视了黄河流域遗产资源的整体性与地域性。利用莫兰指数(Moran’s I)、核密度估计等方法揭示2022年即有黄河流域遗产资源的空间分布特征,并利用地理探测器分析其在不同地貌、气候与水体环境的空间分布差异。结果表明:(1)黄河流域遗产资源集聚分布特征显著,省际尺度呈层次化连片分布,市际尺度呈高值集聚分布,个体尺度呈“三主核心辐射成带、四次核心横向分散”的空间分布格局。(2)黄河流域遗产资源主要分布于一系列河谷盆地与冲积平原,暖温带气候下形成黄河一级以上支流的低海拔(0~849 m)连续地表“负性区”是其适宜分布的自然环境类型。(3)自然环境中,黄河流域遗产资源的空间分异受地貌要素影响最大,坡度、河网密度与其余因子交互的正向“耦合”效应显著,绝对海拔(0.33)、地貌面海拔(0.30)与温度带(0.18)是主导分异驱动因子。研究结果对深入认识黄河文化内涵、促进遗产资源可持续发展具有重要意义。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-30 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract:立足资源禀赋和发展阶段因地制宜提高农业生态效率是农业强国建设的必由之路。在借助非期望非径向SE-SBM模型测度2010—2020年中国西北地区市域尺度农业生态效率的基础上,综合应用差异系数、Dagum基尼系数、全局趋势分析、全局莫兰指数和空间误差模型等指标和方法探讨了中国西北地区农业生态效率时空分异特征及影响因素。结果表明:(1)2010—2020年中国西北地区农业生态效率的中位数在波动中由0.512上升至1.001,年均增长率约为6.93%,且市域间农业生态效率的差异程度呈现出缩小的态势。(2)中国西北地区农业生态效率呈现出梯次性的圈层空间分布特征,投影趋势线在南北方向呈现出“U型”特征,而东西方向则是在由西向东平滑上升的过程中逐渐显现出“倒U型”特征。(3)劳均耕地面积、农村居民人均可支配收入、城镇化水平对中国西北地区农业生态效率产生正向影响,而农业机械密度与化肥使用强度则对该地区农业生态效率产生负向影响。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-30 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract:为了快速准确地获取干旱地区表层土壤盐分信息,以沙井子灌区为研究区,利用地面采集的0~10 cm和10~20 cm深度的土壤盐分数据,以及同步获取的Landsat 9 OLI遥感影像上相应点位的波段反射率值,组合两波段和三波段光谱指数,建立低植被度覆盖下盐渍化监测SDI1、SDI2、SDI3、SDI4模型,并检验4类模型对不同土层深度土壤盐分的反演精度。结果表明:(1)当土层深度为0~10 cm时,4类盐渍化监测模型对土壤盐渍化等级分类精度分别为73.56%、66.35%、43.75%和74.52%;而当土层深度为10~20 cm 时,相应的分类精度分别为61.06%、62.50%、66.35%和64.42%,说明灌区内土层最佳反演深度为0~10 cm。(2)三波段光谱指数构建的SDI4模型优于双波段光谱指数构建的其余3种模型,能够有效反演沙井子灌区土壤盐渍化程度。研究结果可为灌区土壤盐渍化治理和防治提供有效的技术参考。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-30 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract:在农业生态系统中,根际微生物群落是土壤中养分和有机物质成功循环和转化的动力,对作物的生长、健康和营养状况起着重要的影响作用。为了探究天山北部不同生境苜蓿根际土壤真菌多样性以及形成差异的驱动因子。利用高通量测序技术对天山北部山地和平原2个生境的苜蓿根际土壤与非根际土壤中真菌多样性、结构、功能以及驱动因子进行分析。结果表明:(1)山地苜蓿根际土中土壤氮、钾、有机质和酶活性均显著大于平原苜蓿根际土,而电导率和pH显著小于平原苜蓿根际土。(2)山地和平原的真菌群落存在显著差异,平原苜蓿根际土壤的可操作分类单元(OTUs)、Chao1 和ACE 指数均显著大于山地苜蓿根际土壤,并且OTUs、Chao1、ACE 和香农指数(Shannon指数)均表现为根际土壤显著大于非根际土壤。(3)该区域的优势真菌门为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、被孢霉菌门(Mortierellomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和芽枝菌门(Blastocladiomycota),并且在不同生境存在显著差异。(4)基于FUNGuild真菌功能预测,山地中植物的致病真菌显著高于平原而外生菌根显著低于平原地区。(5)通过冗余分析(RDA)和Mantel检验发现土壤pH、全氮、全钾和速效钾是真菌群落结构差异分布的主要驱动因子。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-30 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract:2023年4月23日和5月6日阿克苏地区东部出现极端低温霜冻天气(简称“4.23”过程和“5.6”过程),尤其“5.6”过程库车市出现历史最晚终霜。基于常规观测、L波段探空、NCEP/NCAR1°×1°逐6 h再分析等资料,利用天气动力学方法对比分析2次极端低温过程环流背景,高低空配置、冷空气及冷平流强度、锋生作用等,探讨极端低温霜冻成因。结果表明:(1)两者有共性也有差异,共性表现在2次过程500 hPa阿克苏地区东部均受低槽(低涡)后部西北气流携带冷空气影响,且温度梯度大,锋区增强;均有深厚冷平流自阿克苏西部沿高层偏北气流向阿克苏地区东部低层下传;低温时段贴地层均有逆温和明显锋生,锋生与冷空气进入南疆盆地的路径及低温持续时间对应,且高层能量锋区较强,中低层锋区在增强过程中有斜压不稳定发展;均在霜冻出现前6 h冷平流强度增至最大,冷平流与8 ℃以上降温区域对应较好,且850 hPa温度降至3~4 ℃,对低温霜冻预报有一定指示性。(2)不同点在于“4.23”过程冷空气为西北路径,西翻和东灌冷空气共同影响阿克苏地区,贴地层逆温明显偏强,为辐射+平流降温;“5.6”过程冷空气为偏北路径,较强冷高压翻越天山进入南疆盆地,同时有东灌冷空气补充,影响范围大、逆温弱但整层降温明显,以辐射降温为主。(3)“5.6”过程低涡在新疆维持时间长,其冷空气及锋区强度、假相当位温梯度及影响时间均较“4.23”过程更强,灾害更重。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-30 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract:明晰区域农业水资源可承载灌溉面积能力,约束农业用水和控制农田灌溉面积扩张是解决河西走廊地区水资源可持续利用问题的战略选择。利用水量平衡原理和逐步回归模型,以当地水资源量、水资源利用情况、灌溉水有效利用系数等资料为基础,计算出河西走廊在不同发展情景下的水资源可开发利用量和可承载灌溉面积阈值。结果表明:(1)在经济优先发展情景下,河西走廊地区可开发利用水资源总量为48.22×108 m3,可承载灌溉面积阈值为58.92×104~67.16×104 hm2。(2)在生态优先发展情景下,可开发利用水资源总量为34.44×108 m3,可承载灌溉面积阈值为37.90×104~43.20×104 hm2。(3)在经济兼顾生态发展情景下,可开发利用水资源总量为41.33×108 m3,可承载灌溉面积阈值为48.41×104~55.18×104 hm2。(4)微灌面积占比与灌溉水有效利用系数呈显著正相关关系。研究结果可为河西走廊地区确定合理灌溉面积、优化水土规划和配水制度提供依据。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-30 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract:入湖冰川在喜马拉雅山地区广泛分布,其快速消融和末端崩解,是该地区冰湖溃决洪水最重要的触发因子和影响因素。近年来入湖冰川整体处于物质持续且加速亏损状态,1975—2000年入湖冰川物质平衡为-0.33±0.07 m w.e.·a-1,近10 a达到-0.56±0.08 m w.e.·a-1,其平均物质损失速率-0.45±0.08 m w.e.·a-1。入湖冰川物质损失速率明显高于其他类型冰川,末端消融及崩解是其主要原因。当前冰川末端水下物质损失仍无法准确估算,广泛应用于入海冰川末端消融模拟的羽流模型,为估算入湖冰川末端湖-冰物/热交换过程研究提供了可行方法,其中冰下融水径流量、冰川末端切面形态、湖水温度和密度是影响羽流模型估算结果的重要参数。基于羽流模型评估冰川末端水下消融特征,为准确评估未来情境下冰川物质变化奠定基础。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-30 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract:以阿克苏地区苏巴什水库为研究对象,采用多源降水融合数据、雨量站数据、数字高程模型(DEM)数据以及土地利用数据等资料,运用FloodArea模型对苏巴什水库典型暴雨山洪淹没过程进行精细化模拟,通过淹没深度和汇水量2个参量,对比分析2种降水数据源模拟效果,在此基础上,构建了降水-淹没深度关系模型,得出冲砂闸底板高程、汛限水位、泄洪闸堰顶高程和坝顶高程对应的致灾临界雨量阈值。结果表明:以多源降水融合数据驱动的FloodArea模型模拟苏巴什水库淹没深度和计算汇水量较雨量站模拟的精度更高,更接近真实值,多源降水融合数据和雨量站降水数据模拟得到的淹没深度误差率分别为8.59%和18.67%。苏巴什水库淹没水位达到冲砂闸底板高程、汛限水位、泄洪闸堰顶高程和坝顶高程对应累积4 h降水量的致灾临界雨量阈值分别为7.1 mm、20.1 mm、32.9 mm和44.7 mm。研究结果可为苏巴什水库暴雨山洪预警提供理论依据,并提升暴雨山洪预警能力。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-30 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract:卫星遥感降水产品已广泛应用于估算降水,尤其是在地面观测站点稀少的地区。然而,这些卫星降水产品较低的空间分辨率,限制了其在局部地区的应用。因此,提出一种基于块到点克里金插值算法(ATPOK)与地理权重回归克里金残差校准算法(GWRK)组合的融合降尺度框架,对2000—2019年青海地区TRMM 3B43进行空间降尺度,并结合地面观测站点数据、归一化植被指数(NDVI)、数字高程模型(DEM)、坡度及坡向等辅助因子进行校准,最终得到1 km分辨率的降水产品。结果表明:(1)本研究所提出的融合降尺度框架能有效提高TRMM 3B43降水数据的降尺度精度,但并不能消除TRMM 3B43降水高估的情况。(2)与ATPOK算法相比,采用降尺度的TRMM降水数据和辅助因子的GWRK模型能更好地估算年、月降水量。(3)基于对TRMM 3B43和NDVI相关关系研究,发现NDVI对降水的响应存在0~2个月的延迟。(4)基于对降尺度降水产品时空变化分析,发现青海地区降水在月尺度上存在显著增长,其中干月年际变化率3.33%,湿月年际变化率1.79%。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-30 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract:氢氧稳定同位素作为示踪剂被广泛用于水文循环过程研究。地表水是水循环的重要组成部分,是区域水汽来源和现代水文过程分析的有效载体。基于新疆第三次科学考察,于2018年8月至2023年8月在昆仑山北坡采集了地表水样本并测量其氢氧稳定同位素数据,同时汇编了区域以往的地表水同位素数据,分析了昆仑山北坡地表水氢氧稳定同位素的空间分布特征。结果表明:(1)昆仑山北坡地表水同位素值呈现出西低东高的空间变化特征,区域地表水线为δ2H=5.98×δ18O-6.86(R2=0.65,n=141)。(2)对比昆仑山北坡地表水和降水氢氧稳定同位素值发现地表水同位素平均值普遍低于加权降水同位素值。(3)昆仑山北坡地表水同位素空间格局受到西风携带的外来水汽和局地再循环水汽共同影响,此外蒸发也会改变区域地表水同位素值。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-30 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract:随着青藏高原气候变暖,高原湖泊数量和面积均表现出显著增加趋势,东昆仑-库木库里盆地湖泊扩张亦十分明显。阿牙克库木湖是库木库里盆地最大盐湖,新疆第三次综合科学考察表明,该湖泊已扩张为新疆最大湖泊。基于科考资料,结合遥感卫星资料,对阿牙克库木湖扩张及其流域冰川、冻土、气温和降水等要素进行分析,探讨湖泊水量及其补给水源的关系。结果表明:(1)1990―2023年,阿牙克库木湖面积从623.03 km2扩张至1141.67 km2,2002―2023年湖面水位上升了7.28 m,对应水储量增加了66.64×108 m3。(2)1990―2023年,阿牙克库木湖流域冰川面积减少了16.4 km2,体积减少了1.96 km3。截止2023年,流域分布冰川451条,总面积为324.26 km2。(3)2010年青藏高原冻土分布图显示,流域分布多年冻土12395 km2,季节冻土10652 km2。(4)水量平衡分析表明,冰川和冻土融水径流分别占阿牙克库木湖总入湖水量的9%和5%,季节冻土和多年冻土区降水径流占比为67%,湖面降水量直接补给占比为19%。总体而言,湖泊的扩张主要是流域降水量增加所致。研究揭示了库木库里盆地地表水文过程,可为当地政府优化水资源配置和管理提供参考。